Electronics & Comm. Eng. — 7th Semester Syllabus

Fundamental Concepts

Physical Concept Of Radiation • Radiation Pattern • Near And Far-field Regions • Reciprocity • Directivity And Gain • Effective Aperture • Polarization • Input Impedance • Efficiency • Friis Transmission Equation • Radiation Integrals And Auxiliary Potential Functions

Radiation

Potential Function And Electromagnetic Fields • A Small Current Element Radiation • Power Radiated By Current Element And Radiation Resistance • Radiation From Quarter Wave Monopole And Half Wave Dipole

Antenna Arrays

Analysis Of Uniformly Spaced Arrays With Uniform And Non-uniform Excitation Amplitudes • Extension To Planar Arrays • Synthesis Of Antenna Arrays Using Schelkun Off Polynomial Method • Woodward-lawson Method • Aperture And Reflector Antennas-huygens' Principle • Radiation From Rectangular And Circular Apertures • Design Considerations • Babinet's Principle • Radiation From Sectoral And Pyramidal Horns • Design Concepts • Prime-focus Parabolic Reflector And Cassegrain Antennas

Broadband Antennas

Log-periodic And Yagi-uda Antennas • Frequency Independent Antennas • Broadcast Antennas

Microstrip Antennas

Basic Characteristics Of Micro Strip Antennas • Feeding Methods • Methods Of Analysis • Design Of Rectangular And Circular Patch Antennas

Basic Concepts of Smart Antennas

Concept And Benefits Of Smart Antennas • Fixed Weight Beamforming Basics • Adaptive Beamforming • Different Modes Of Radio Wave Propagation Used In Current Practice

Guided waves and waveguides

Waves Between Parallel Planes • Tm And Te Waves • Their Propagation And Attenuation In Parallel Plane Guides • Rectangular Waveguides Te And Tm Waves In Rectangular Guides • Wave Impedance • Circular Waveguides • Introduction To Resonators

Module 1: Introduction

Optical Fiber Structures • Waveguiding And Fabrication Nature Of Light • Basic Optical Laws And Definition • Optical Fiber Modes And Configuration • Mode Theory For Circular Waveguides • Single Mode Fibers • Graded Index Fiber • Fiber Materials • Fabrication And Mechanical Properties • Fiber Optic Cables • Basic Optical Communication System • Advantage Of Optical Communication System

Module 2: Attenuation in Optical Fibers

Introduction • Absorption • Scattering • Very Low Loss Materials • All Plastic And Polymer-clad-silica Fibers • Wave Propagation: Wave Propagation In Step-index And Graded Index Fiber • Overall Fiber Dispersion-single Mode Fibers • Multimode Fibers • Dispersion Shifted Fiber • Dispersion Flattened Fiber • Polarization

Module 3: Source and Detectors

Design And Led's For Optical Communication • Semiconductor Lasers For Optical Fiber Communication System And Their Types • Semiconductor Photodiode Detectors • Avalanche Photodiode Detectors And Photomultiplier Tubes • Source To Fiber Power Launching Output Patterns • Power Coupling • Power Launching • Equilibrium Numerical Aperture • Laser Diode To Fiber Coupling • Optical Detectors- Physical Principles Of Pin And Apd • Detector Response Time • Temperature Effect On Avalanche Gain • Comparison Of Photo Detectors • Optical Receiver Operation Fundamental Receiver Operation • Digital Signal Transmission • Error Sources • Receiver Configuration • Digital Receiver Performance • Probability Of Error • Quantum Limit • Analog Receivers

Module 4: Optical Fiber Communication Systems

Data Communication Networks Network Topologies • Mac Protocols • Analog System • Advanced Multiplexing Strategies Optical Tdm • Sub Carrier Multiplexing • Wdm Network • Architectures: Sonet/sdh • Optical Transport Network • Optical Access Network • Optical Premise Network • Applications-military Applications • Civil, Consumer And Industrial Applications

Module 1: Evolution of Nanoelectronics

Moore's Law • Silicon Electronics • Limitations • Discussion Of The International Technology Roadmap Characteristics • Need For New Concepts In Electronics • Silicon Mos Transistor From Micro To Nano • Future Opportunities • Nanocomputing

Module 2: Tunnel Junctions and Applications of Tunneling

Tunneling Through A Potential Barrier • Potential Energy Profiles For Material Interfaces Metal Insulator • Metal Semiconductor, And Metal Insulator Metal Junctions • Applications Of Tunneling • Field Emission • Gate Oxide Tunneling And Hot Electron Effects In Mosfets • Double Barrier Tunneling And The Resonant Tunneling Diode

Module 3: Ballistic and Spin Transport

Coulomb Blockade • Tunnel Junction Excited By A Current Source • Coulomb Blockade In A Quantum Dot Circuit • Single Electron Transistor • Ballistic Transport • Electron Collisions And Length Scales • Ballistic Transport Model • Quantum Resistance And Conductance • Transport Of Spin And Spintronics Devices • Applications

Module 4: Molecular Electronics

Introduction To Molecular Electronics An Atomistic View Of Electrical Resistance • Schrodinger Equation • Self Consistent Field • Band Structure • Level Broadening • Coherent Transport • Non-coherent Transport In Molecular Electronics Devices • Molecular Devices • Logic Switches • Interface Engineering Issues

Module 1: Introduction to Embedded Systems

Definition Of Embedded System • Embedded Systems Vs General Computing Systems • History Of Embedded Systems • Classification • Major Application Areas • Purpose Of Embedded Systems • Characteristics And Quality Attributes Of Embedded Systems • Typical Embedded System • Core Of The Embedded System • General Purpose And Domain Specific Processors • Asics • Plds • Commercial Off-the-shelf Components (cots) • Memory: Rom, Ram • Memory According To The Type Of Interface • Memory Shadowing • Memory Selection For Embedded Systems • Sensors And Actuators • Communication Interface: On Board And External Communication Interfaces • Programming

Module 2: Embedded Firmware

Reset Circuit • Brown-out Protection Circuit • Oscillator Unit • Real Time Clock • Watchdog Timer • Embedded Firmware Design Approaches And Development Languages • Rtos Based Embedded System Design • Operating System Basics • Types Of Operating Systems • Tasks • Process And Threads • Multiprocessing And Multitasking • Task Scheduling

Module 3: Task Communication and Synchronization

Task Communication: Shared Memory • Message Passing • Remote Procedure Call And Sockets • Task Synchronization • Task Communication/synchronization Issues • Task Synchronization Techniques • Device Drivers • How To Choose An Rtos

Module 4: Introduction to ARM

Arm Architecture Arm Design Philosophy • Registers • Program Status Register • Instruction Pipeline Interrupts And Vector Table • Architecture Revision • Arm Processor Families

Module 5: ARM Programming

Instruction Set • Data Processing Instructions • Addressing Modes • Branch • Load • Store Instructions • Psr Instructions • Conditional Instructions • Thumb Instruction Set • Register Usage • Other Branch Instructions • Data Processing Instructions • Single-register And Multi Register Load Store Instructions • Stack • Software Interrupt Instructions

Module 6: ARM Programming in C

Simple C Programs Using Function Calls • Pointers • Structures • Integer And Floating Point Arithmetic • Assembly Code Using Instruction Scheduling • Register Allocation • Conditional Execution And Loops

Module 1: Transmission line theory

Basics • Crosstalk And Non-ideal Effects • Signal Integrity • Impact Of Packages • Vias • Traces • Connectors • Non-ideal Return Current Paths • High Frequency Power Delivery • Methodologies For Design Of High Speed Buses • Radiated Emissions And Minimizing System Noise • Noise Analysis • Sources • Noise Figure • Gain Compression • Harmonic Distortion • Inter Modulation • Cross Modulation • Dynamic Range

Module 2: Devices

Passive And Active • Lumped Passive Devices (models) • Active (models, Low Vs High Frequency)

Module 3: RF Amplifier Design

Stability • Low Noise Amplifiers • Broadband Amplifiers (and Distributed) Power Amplifiers • Class A, B, Ab And C, D E Integrated Circuit Realizations • Cross-over Distortion Efficiency Rf Power Output Stages

Module 4: Mixers and Oscillators

Mixers • Up Conversion Down Conversion • Conversion Gain And Spurious Response • Oscillators Principles • Pll Transceiver Architectures

Module 5: Printed Circuit Board

Printed Circuit Board Anatomy • Cad Tools For Pcb Design • Standard Fabrication • Microvia Boards • Board Assembly • Surface Mount Technology • Through Hole Technology • Process Control And Design Challenges

Module 1: Introduction to Digital Design Concepts

Review Of Digital Design Fundamentals • Minimization And Design Of Combinational Circuits • Sequential Machine Fundamentals

Module 2: Clocked Sequential Finite State Machines

State Diagram • Analysis Of Synchronous Circuits • Derivation Of State Graphs And Tables • Reduction Of State Tables • State Assignment • Design Of Sequence Detectors • Serial Data Code Conversion • Design Of Synchronous Sequential State Machine • Design And Applications Of Counters And Shift Registers

Module 3: Multinput System Controllers Design

System Controller • Controller Design Principles • Timing And Frequency Considerations • Dfd Development • Controller Architecture Design • Asynchronous Input Handling • State Assignment Concepts • Flip-flop Level Implementation Using Vem's

Module 4: Sequential Design using LSI & MSI circuits

Using Decoders, Multiplexers In Sequential Circuits • Sequential Network Design Using Roms, Plas And Pals • Programmable Gate Arrays (pgas)

Module 5: Asynchronous Sequential Finite State Machines

Introduction • Analysis Of Asynchronous Networks • Races And Cycles • Derivation Of Primitive Flow Tables • Reduction Of Primitive Flow Tables • State Assignments • Hazards • Asynchronous Sequential Network Design

Module 6: VHDL

Why Vhdl? • Basic Language Elements • Data Objects, Classes And Data Types • Operators • Overloading • Logical Operators • Vhdl Representation Of Digital Design • Entity And Architectural Declarations • Introduction To Behavioral, Dataflow And Structural Models

Module 1: Introduction to MOS technology

Introduction To Ic Technology • Mos And Related Vlsi Technology • Basic Mos Transistors (enhancement Mode And Depletion Mode) • Nmos Process • Cmos Process (p Well, N Well, Twin Tub Processes) • Bi Cmos Process Flow • Aspects Of Cmos And Bi Cmos Devices

Module 2: Brief introduction of VLSI

Architecture Definition • Functional Design • Logic Design • Circuit Design And Physical Design

Module 2: Crystal growth and doping

Starting Materials • Czochralski Technique • Gradient Freeze Technique • Considerations For Proper Crystal Growth (role Of Point Defects, Thermal Gradients, Turbulences, Pull And Spin Rate, Crystal Orientation, Crystal Hardening Techniques) • Doping (rapid Stirring Conditions, Partial Stirring Conditions, Radial Doping Variations) • Zone Processes (zone Refining, Zone Leveling, Neutron Transmutation Doping)

Module 3: Diffusion

Diffusion In A Concentration Gradient • Diffusion Equation • Impurity Behavior In Silicon • Diffusion Systems For Silicon • Redistribution During Oxide Growth • Diffusion During Oxide Growth • Cooperative Diffusion • Evaluation Techniques For Diffused Layers In Silicon

Module 4: Epitaxy

Nucleation And Growth • Doping • Dislocation • Thermally Induced Strain • Molecular Beam Epitaxy • Vapor Phase Epitaxy For Silicon • Liquid Phase Epitaxy

Module 5: Ion-Implantation

Penetration Range (nuclear And Electronic Stopping, Transverse Effects) • Implantation Damage • Annealing • Ion Implantation Systems • Process Consideration • High Energy And High Current Implants

Module 6: Native Films

Thermal Oxidation Of Silicon (kinetics Of Oxide Growth, Oxidation Systems, Oxidation Induced Stacking Faults, Properties Of Thermal Oxides) • Thermal Nitridation Of Silicon • Plasma

Module 7: Deposited Films

Films Deposition Methods (vacuum Evaporation, Sputter Deposition, Chemical Vapor Deposition) • Film Characteristics (step Coverage, Grown Habit, Mechanical Stress, Electromigration)

Module 8: Etching and Cleaning

Wet Chemical Etching In Silicon Based Processes • Dry Physical Etching • Dry Chemical Etching • Reactive Ion Etching • Etch Induced Damage • Cleaning (wet And Dry)

Module 9: Lithography

Photo Reactive Materials • Pattern Generation And Mask Making • Pattern Transfer Optical Printing • Advanced Techniques (short Wavelength, Multi Layer Resist, Phase Shifting Masks, Electron Beam Techniques, Xray Printing) • Mask Defects • Pattern Transfer Defects

Module 10: Process integration

Isolation (p-n Junction, Mesa, Oxide) • Self Alignment • Local Oxidation • Planarization • Metallization • Gettering • Process Flow For Cmos

Module 1: Information Theory

Definition Of Information • Entropy • Mutual Information • Properties Of Mutual Information • Fundamental Inequality • I.t. Inequality • Divergence • Properties Of Divergence • Divergence Inequality • Relationship Between Entropy And Mutual Information • Chain Rules For Entropy, Relative Entropy And Mutual Information

Module 2: Channel Capacity

Uniform Dispersive Channel • Uniform Focusing Channel • Strongly Symmetric Channel • Binary Symmetric Channel • Binary Erasure Channel • Channel Capacity Of All These Channels • Channel Coding Theorem • Shannon-hartley Theorem

Module 3: Data Compression

Kraft Inequality • Huffman Codes • Shannon-fano Coding • Arithmetic Coding

Module 4: Linear Block Codes

Systematic Linear Codes And Optimum Decoding For The Binary Symmetric Channel • Generator And Parity Check Matrices • Syndrome Decoding On Symmetric Channels • Hamming Codes • Weight Enumerators And The Macwilliams Identities • Perfect Codes • Cyclic Codes • Bch Codes • Reed Solomon Codes • Justeen Codes • Mds Codes • Alterant, Goppa And Generalized Bch Codes • Spectral Properties Of Cyclic Codes

Module 5: Decoding of BCH codes

Berlekamp's Decoding Algorithm • Massey's Minimum Shift-register Synthesis Technique And Its Relation To Berlekamp's Algorithm • A Fast Berlekamp Massey Algorithm

Module 6: Convolution codes

Wozencraft's Sequential Decoding Algorithm • Fann's Algorithm And Other Sequential Decoding Algorithms • Viterbi Decoding Algorithm • Turbo Codes • Concatenated Code

Fundamental Concepts

Physical Concept Of Radiation • Radiation Pattern • Near And Far-field Regions • Reciprocity • Directivity And Gain • Effective Aperture • Polarization • Input Impedance • Efficiency • Friis Transmission Equation • Radiation Integrals And Auxiliary Potential Functions

Radiation

Potential Function And Electromagnetic Fields • A Small Current Element Radiation • Power Radiated By Current Element And Radiation Resistance • Radiation From Quarter Wave Monopole And Half Wave Dipole

Antenna Arrays

Analysis Of Uniformly Spaced Arrays With Uniform And Non-uniform Excitation Amplitudes • Extension To Planar Arrays • Synthesis Of Antenna Arrays Using Schelkun Off Polynomial Method • Woodward-lawson Method • Aperture And Reflector Antennas-huygens' Principle • Radiation From Rectangular And Circular Apertures • Design Considerations • Babinet's Principle • Radiation From Sectoral And Pyramidal Horns • Design Concepts • Prime-focus Parabolic Reflector And Cassegrain Antennas

Broadband Antennas

Log-periodic And Yagi-uda Antennas • Frequency Independent Antennas • Broadcast Antennas

Microstrip Antennas

Basic Characteristics Of Micro Strip Antennas • Feeding Methods • Methods Of Analysis • Design Of Rectangular And Circular Patch Antennas

Basic Concepts of Smart Antennas

Concept And Benefits Of Smart Antennas • Fixed Weight Beamforming Basics • Adaptive Beamforming • Different Modes Of Radio Wave Propagation Used In Current Practice

Guided waves and waveguides

Waves Between Parallel Planes • Tm And Te Waves • Their Propagation And Attenuation In Parallel Plane Guides • Rectangular Waveguides Te And Tm Waves In Rectangular Guides • Wave Impedance • Circular Waveguides • Introduction To Resonators

Module 1: Introduction

Optical Fiber Structures • Waveguiding And Fabrication Nature Of Light • Basic Optical Laws And Definition • Optical Fiber Modes And Configuration • Mode Theory For Circular Waveguides • Single Mode Fibers • Graded Index Fiber • Fiber Materials • Fabrication And Mechanical Properties • Fiber Optic Cables • Basic Optical Communication System • Advantage Of Optical Communication System

Module 2: Attenuation in Optical Fibers

Introduction • Absorption • Scattering • Very Low Loss Materials • All Plastic And Polymer-clad-silica Fibers • Wave Propagation: Wave Propagation In Step-index And Graded Index Fiber • Overall Fiber Dispersion-single Mode Fibers • Multimode Fibers • Dispersion Shifted Fiber • Dispersion Flattened Fiber • Polarization

Module 3: Source and Detectors

Design And Led's For Optical Communication • Semiconductor Lasers For Optical Fiber Communication System And Their Types • Semiconductor Photodiode Detectors • Avalanche Photodiode Detectors And Photomultiplier Tubes • Source To Fiber Power Launching Output Patterns • Power Coupling • Power Launching • Equilibrium Numerical Aperture • Laser Diode To Fiber Coupling • Optical Detectors- Physical Principles Of Pin And Apd • Detector Response Time • Temperature Effect On Avalanche Gain • Comparison Of Photo Detectors • Optical Receiver Operation Fundamental Receiver Operation • Digital Signal Transmission • Error Sources • Receiver Configuration • Digital Receiver Performance • Probability Of Error • Quantum Limit • Analog Receivers

Module 4: Optical Fiber Communication Systems

Data Communication Networks Network Topologies • Mac Protocols • Analog System • Advanced Multiplexing Strategies Optical Tdm • Sub Carrier Multiplexing • Wdm Network • Architectures: Sonet/sdh • Optical Transport Network • Optical Access Network • Optical Premise Network • Applications-military Applications • Civil, Consumer And Industrial Applications

Module 1: Evolution of Nanoelectronics

Moore's Law • Silicon Electronics • Limitations • Discussion Of The International Technology Roadmap Characteristics • Need For New Concepts In Electronics • Silicon Mos Transistor From Micro To Nano • Future Opportunities • Nanocomputing

Module 2: Tunnel Junctions and Applications of Tunneling

Tunneling Through A Potential Barrier • Potential Energy Profiles For Material Interfaces Metal Insulator • Metal Semiconductor, And Metal Insulator Metal Junctions • Applications Of Tunneling • Field Emission • Gate Oxide Tunneling And Hot Electron Effects In Mosfets • Double Barrier Tunneling And The Resonant Tunneling Diode

Module 3: Ballistic and Spin Transport

Coulomb Blockade • Tunnel Junction Excited By A Current Source • Coulomb Blockade In A Quantum Dot Circuit • Single Electron Transistor • Ballistic Transport • Electron Collisions And Length Scales • Ballistic Transport Model • Quantum Resistance And Conductance • Transport Of Spin And Spintronics Devices • Applications

Module 4: Molecular Electronics

Introduction To Molecular Electronics An Atomistic View Of Electrical Resistance • Schrodinger Equation • Self Consistent Field • Band Structure • Level Broadening • Coherent Transport • Non-coherent Transport In Molecular Electronics Devices • Molecular Devices • Logic Switches • Interface Engineering Issues

Module 1: Introduction to Embedded Systems

Definition Of Embedded System • Embedded Systems Vs General Computing Systems • History Of Embedded Systems • Classification • Major Application Areas • Purpose Of Embedded Systems • Characteristics And Quality Attributes Of Embedded Systems • Typical Embedded System • Core Of The Embedded System • General Purpose And Domain Specific Processors • Asics • Plds • Commercial Off-the-shelf Components (cots) • Memory: Rom, Ram • Memory According To The Type Of Interface • Memory Shadowing • Memory Selection For Embedded Systems • Sensors And Actuators • Communication Interface: On Board And External Communication Interfaces • Programming

Module 2: Embedded Firmware

Reset Circuit • Brown-out Protection Circuit • Oscillator Unit • Real Time Clock • Watchdog Timer • Embedded Firmware Design Approaches And Development Languages • Rtos Based Embedded System Design • Operating System Basics • Types Of Operating Systems • Tasks • Process And Threads • Multiprocessing And Multitasking • Task Scheduling

Module 3: Task Communication and Synchronization

Task Communication: Shared Memory • Message Passing • Remote Procedure Call And Sockets • Task Synchronization • Task Communication/synchronization Issues • Task Synchronization Techniques • Device Drivers • How To Choose An Rtos

Module 4: Introduction to ARM

Arm Architecture Arm Design Philosophy • Registers • Program Status Register • Instruction Pipeline Interrupts And Vector Table • Architecture Revision • Arm Processor Families

Module 5: ARM Programming

Instruction Set • Data Processing Instructions • Addressing Modes • Branch • Load • Store Instructions • Psr Instructions • Conditional Instructions • Thumb Instruction Set • Register Usage • Other Branch Instructions • Data Processing Instructions • Single-register And Multi Register Load Store Instructions • Stack • Software Interrupt Instructions

Module 6: ARM Programming in C

Simple C Programs Using Function Calls • Pointers • Structures • Integer And Floating Point Arithmetic • Assembly Code Using Instruction Scheduling • Register Allocation • Conditional Execution And Loops

Module 1: Transmission line theory

Basics • Crosstalk And Non-ideal Effects • Signal Integrity • Impact Of Packages • Vias • Traces • Connectors • Non-ideal Return Current Paths • High Frequency Power Delivery • Methodologies For Design Of High Speed Buses • Radiated Emissions And Minimizing System Noise • Noise Analysis • Sources • Noise Figure • Gain Compression • Harmonic Distortion • Inter Modulation • Cross Modulation • Dynamic Range

Module 2: Devices

Passive And Active • Lumped Passive Devices (models) • Active (models, Low Vs High Frequency)

Module 3: RF Amplifier Design

Stability • Low Noise Amplifiers • Broadband Amplifiers (and Distributed) Power Amplifiers • Class A, B, Ab And C, D E Integrated Circuit Realizations • Cross-over Distortion Efficiency Rf Power Output Stages

Module 4: Mixers and Oscillators

Mixers • Up Conversion Down Conversion • Conversion Gain And Spurious Response • Oscillators Principles • Pll Transceiver Architectures

Module 5: Printed Circuit Board

Printed Circuit Board Anatomy • Cad Tools For Pcb Design • Standard Fabrication • Microvia Boards • Board Assembly • Surface Mount Technology • Through Hole Technology • Process Control And Design Challenges

Module 1: Introduction to Digital Design Concepts

Review Of Digital Design Fundamentals • Minimization And Design Of Combinational Circuits • Sequential Machine Fundamentals

Module 2: Clocked Sequential Finite State Machines

State Diagram • Analysis Of Synchronous Circuits • Derivation Of State Graphs And Tables • Reduction Of State Tables • State Assignment • Design Of Sequence Detectors • Serial Data Code Conversion • Design Of Synchronous Sequential State Machine • Design And Applications Of Counters And Shift Registers

Module 3: Multinput System Controllers Design

System Controller • Controller Design Principles • Timing And Frequency Considerations • Dfd Development • Controller Architecture Design • Asynchronous Input Handling • State Assignment Concepts • Flip-flop Level Implementation Using Vem's

Module 4: Sequential Design using LSI & MSI circuits

Using Decoders, Multiplexers In Sequential Circuits • Sequential Network Design Using Roms, Plas And Pals • Programmable Gate Arrays (pgas)

Module 5: Asynchronous Sequential Finite State Machines

Introduction • Analysis Of Asynchronous Networks • Races And Cycles • Derivation Of Primitive Flow Tables • Reduction Of Primitive Flow Tables • State Assignments • Hazards • Asynchronous Sequential Network Design

Module 6: VHDL

Why Vhdl? • Basic Language Elements • Data Objects, Classes And Data Types • Operators • Overloading • Logical Operators • Vhdl Representation Of Digital Design • Entity And Architectural Declarations • Introduction To Behavioral, Dataflow And Structural Models

Module 1: Introduction to MOS technology

Introduction To Ic Technology • Mos And Related Vlsi Technology • Basic Mos Transistors (enhancement Mode And Depletion Mode) • Nmos Process • Cmos Process (p Well, N Well, Twin Tub Processes) • Bi Cmos Process Flow • Aspects Of Cmos And Bi Cmos Devices

Module 2: Brief introduction of VLSI

Architecture Definition • Functional Design • Logic Design • Circuit Design And Physical Design

Module 2: Crystal growth and doping

Starting Materials • Czochralski Technique • Gradient Freeze Technique • Considerations For Proper Crystal Growth (role Of Point Defects, Thermal Gradients, Turbulences, Pull And Spin Rate, Crystal Orientation, Crystal Hardening Techniques) • Doping (rapid Stirring Conditions, Partial Stirring Conditions, Radial Doping Variations) • Zone Processes (zone Refining, Zone Leveling, Neutron Transmutation Doping)

Module 3: Diffusion

Diffusion In A Concentration Gradient • Diffusion Equation • Impurity Behavior In Silicon • Diffusion Systems For Silicon • Redistribution During Oxide Growth • Diffusion During Oxide Growth • Cooperative Diffusion • Evaluation Techniques For Diffused Layers In Silicon

Module 4: Epitaxy

Nucleation And Growth • Doping • Dislocation • Thermally Induced Strain • Molecular Beam Epitaxy • Vapor Phase Epitaxy For Silicon • Liquid Phase Epitaxy

Module 5: Ion-Implantation

Penetration Range (nuclear And Electronic Stopping, Transverse Effects) • Implantation Damage • Annealing • Ion Implantation Systems • Process Consideration • High Energy And High Current Implants

Module 6: Native Films

Thermal Oxidation Of Silicon (kinetics Of Oxide Growth, Oxidation Systems, Oxidation Induced Stacking Faults, Properties Of Thermal Oxides) • Thermal Nitridation Of Silicon • Plasma

Module 7: Deposited Films

Films Deposition Methods (vacuum Evaporation, Sputter Deposition, Chemical Vapor Deposition) • Film Characteristics (step Coverage, Grown Habit, Mechanical Stress, Electromigration)

Module 8: Etching and Cleaning

Wet Chemical Etching In Silicon Based Processes • Dry Physical Etching • Dry Chemical Etching • Reactive Ion Etching • Etch Induced Damage • Cleaning (wet And Dry)

Module 9: Lithography

Photo Reactive Materials • Pattern Generation And Mask Making • Pattern Transfer Optical Printing • Advanced Techniques (short Wavelength, Multi Layer Resist, Phase Shifting Masks, Electron Beam Techniques, Xray Printing) • Mask Defects • Pattern Transfer Defects

Module 10: Process integration

Isolation (p-n Junction, Mesa, Oxide) • Self Alignment • Local Oxidation • Planarization • Metallization • Gettering • Process Flow For Cmos

Module 1: Information Theory

Definition Of Information • Entropy • Mutual Information • Properties Of Mutual Information • Fundamental Inequality • I.t. Inequality • Divergence • Properties Of Divergence • Divergence Inequality • Relationship Between Entropy And Mutual Information • Chain Rules For Entropy, Relative Entropy And Mutual Information

Module 2: Channel Capacity

Uniform Dispersive Channel • Uniform Focusing Channel • Strongly Symmetric Channel • Binary Symmetric Channel • Binary Erasure Channel • Channel Capacity Of All These Channels • Channel Coding Theorem • Shannon-hartley Theorem

Module 3: Data Compression

Kraft Inequality • Huffman Codes • Shannon-fano Coding • Arithmetic Coding

Module 4: Linear Block Codes

Systematic Linear Codes And Optimum Decoding For The Binary Symmetric Channel • Generator And Parity Check Matrices • Syndrome Decoding On Symmetric Channels • Hamming Codes • Weight Enumerators And The Macwilliams Identities • Perfect Codes • Cyclic Codes • Bch Codes • Reed Solomon Codes • Justeen Codes • Mds Codes • Alterant, Goppa And Generalized Bch Codes • Spectral Properties Of Cyclic Codes

Module 5: Decoding of BCH codes

Berlekamp's Decoding Algorithm • Massey's Minimum Shift-register Synthesis Technique And Its Relation To Berlekamp's Algorithm • A Fast Berlekamp Massey Algorithm

Module 6: Convolution codes

Wozencraft's Sequential Decoding Algorithm • Fann's Algorithm And Other Sequential Decoding Algorithms • Viterbi Decoding Algorithm • Turbo Codes • Concatenated Code