Electrical & Electronics — 8th Semester Syllabus

Module 1: (Lectures 8 hrs.)

Coal based thermal power plants • Basic Rankine cycle and its modifications • Layout of modern coal power plant • Super critical boilers • FBC boilers • Turbines • Condensers • Steam and heating rates • Sub systems of thermal power plants • Fuel and ash handling • Draught system • Feed water treatment • Binary cycles and cogeneration systems

Module 2: (Lectures 4 hrs.)

Gas turbine and combined cycle power plants • Brayton cycle analysis and optimization • Components of gas turbine power plants • Combined cycle power plants

Module 3: (Lectures 8 hrs.)

Basics of nuclear energy conversion • Layout and subsystems of nuclear power plants • Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) • Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) • CANDU Reactor • Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) • Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR) • Gas cooled and liquid metal cooled reactors • Safety measures for nuclear power plants

Module 4: (Lectures 8 hrs.)

Hydroelectric power plants • Hydrological cycle • Rainfall & run-off measurement & plotting of various curves for estimating stream flow • Site selection • Classification • Comparison with other types of power plant • Typical layout and components • Principles of wind • Tidal • Solar PV and solar thermal • Geothermal • Biogas and fuel cell power systems

Module 5: (Lectures 8 hrs.)

Energy • Economic and environmental issues • Power tariffs • Load distribution parameters • Load curve • Capital and operating cost of different power plants • Pollution control technologies including waste disposal options for coal and nuclear plants • Geothermal power plants • Ocean thermal electric conversion • M.H.D power generation

Module 1: (Lectures 6 hrs.)

Types of automobiles • Vehicle construction and layouts • Car body Style • Chassis • Frame and body • Vehicle aerodynamics • IC engines-components • Function and materials • Variable valve timing (VVT) • Front engine front wheel drive • Front engine Rear wheel drive • Four wheel drive

Module 2: (Lectures 6 hrs.)

Engine auxiliary systems • Electronic injection for SI and CI engines • Rotary distributor type and common rail direct injection system • Transistor based coil ignition & capacitive discharge ignition systems • Turbo chargers (WGT, VGT) • Engine emission control by 3-way catalytic converter system • Emission norms (Euro & BS)

Module 3: (Lectures 6 hrs.)

Transmission systems • Clutch types • Cone clutch • Single plate • Multi plate • Diaphragm spring & centrifugal clutch • Electromagnetic clutch & construction • Gear boxes- manual and automatic gear shift mechanisms • Over drive principles • Transfer box • Transaxles • Flywheel • Torque converter • Propeller shaft • Slip joints • Universal joints • Differential and rear axle • Hotchkiss drive and Torque tube drive

Module 4: (Lectures 6 hrs.)

Steering geometry and types of steering gear box • Power steering • Types of front axle • Types of suspension systems • Constructional details & characteristics of Leaf spring • Pneumatic and hydraulic braking systems • Antilock braking system (ABS) • Electronic brake force distribution (EBD) and traction control

Module 5: (Lectures 4 hrs.)

Caster • Camber • King pin inclination • Toe in Toe out • Full Floating • Three quarter floating & semi Floating rear axles

Module 6: (Lectures 6 hrs.)

Alternative energy sources • Natural gas • LPG • Biodiesel • Bio-ethanol • Gasohol and hydrogen fuels in automobiles • Modifications needed • Performance • Combustion & emission characteristics of alternative fuels in SI and CI engines • Electric and Hybrid vehicles • Application of Fuel Cells

Module 1:

Introduction to E-Commerce: Evolution of E-commerce • Advantage and Disadvantage of E-Commerce • Roadmap of E-Commerce in India • Business Models of E-Commerce: Model Based On Transaction Party: B2B, B2C, C2B, C2C

Module 2:

E marketing: The scope of E-Marketing • Identifying Web Presence goals • Uniqueness of the web • Meeting the need of website visitors • Website Design Issues: Factors that make People Return to Your Site • Strategies for Website Development • Site Adhesion: Content • Format and access: maintaining a Website • E-Advertising • E-Branding

Module 3:

E-Payment System: Digital Payment Requirement • Digital Token based E-Payment System • Electronic Cash • Smart card and Electronics payment system: Credit and Debit Card • Virtual Currency • Digital wallet • Risk of Electronics payment system • Digital Signature • E Security: Security On the Internet: Network and Website Security Risk: Denial-of-Service attack • Viruses • Unauthorized access to computer Network • Security Standards: Firewall • Cryptography • Key Management • Password Systems • Digital certificates • Digital signatures

Module 4:

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Introductory Concepts • Advantages & disadvantages of ERP • ERP and Related Technologies: - Business Process Reengineering • Data Warehousing • Data Mining • Supply Chain Management • ERP Implementation: ERP Implementation Life Cycle - Implementation Methodology • Hidden Costs • Organizing Implementation Contracts with Vendors • Consultants and Users • Project Management and Monitoring

Module 5:

ERP Business Modules: Introduction to basic Modules of ERP System • Business Modules in an ERP Package- Finance • Manufacturing - Human Resource • Plant Maintenance • Materials Management - Quality Management - Sales and Distribution • Case Study: Recent business issues on E-Commerce Perspective

Module 1: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MATERIALS (6 Hrs.)

Introduction to Electrical Engineering Materials • Classification of materials • Material of importance-carbonated beverages container • Advanced Materials • Modern Material need • Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding • Bonding forces and energies • Secondary bonding and van-der-waals bonding

Module 2: THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS (8 Hrs.)

The structure of crystalline solids • Crystallographic points • Directions and planes • X-Ray diffraction • Determination of crystalline structure • Imperfections and defects in solids • Diffusion mechanisms • Steady state diffusion • Diffusion in semiconducting materials • Material of importance- Aluminum for integrated circuit interconnects • Mechanical properties of material • Stress strain behavior • Structure and properties of ceramics • Crystal ceramics • Silicate ceramics • Material of importance- carbon nano-tubes • Imperfections in ceramics • Application and processing of ceramics • Glass ceramics • Refractories • Abrasives • Cements • Materials of importance - piezoelectric ceramics

Module 3: INSULATING PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL (8 Hrs.)

Insulating materials; General Properties • Electrical Properties: Volume resistivity • Surface resistance • Dielectric loss • Dielectric strength (breakdown voltage) dielectric constant • Thermal conductivity • Electro-thermal breakdown in solid dielectrics Insulating Materials and their applications: Plastics • Definition and classification • Thermosetting materials • Phenol-formaldehyde resins (i.e. Bakelite) amino resins (urea formaldehyde and Malamine-formaldehyde) • Epoxy resins - their important properties and applications • Thermo-plastic materials: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) • Polyethelene • Silicons • Their important properties and applications • Bitumen - Mineral and insulating oil for transformers switchgear capacitors • High voltage insulated cables • Insulating varnishes for coating and impregnation Enamels for winding wires • Glass fiber sleeves • SF6 their properties and applications

Module 4: ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS (6 Hrs.)

Electrical conduction • Electronic and ionic conduction • Energy band structures in solids • Conduction in terms of band and atomic bonding models • Electron mobility • Electrical resistivity of metals • Materials of importance-aluminum electrical wires • Semi conductivity • Intrinsic semi conduction • Extrinsic semi conduction • Carrier mobility • Semiconductor devices • Electrical properties of polymers dielectric behavior • Capacitance • Field vectors and polarization • Types of polarization • Frequency dependence of the dielectric constant • Dielectric materials • Ferroelectricity • Piezoelectricity

Module 5: OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC REPERTIES OF MATERIALS (10 Hrs.)

Optical properties • Basic concepts • Electromagnetic radiation • Light interactions with solids atomic and electronic interactions optical properties of metals • Optical properties of nonmetals • Refraction • Reflection • Absorption • Transmission • Applications of optical phenomena • Luminescence • Materials of importance -light-emitting diodes • Photoconductivity • Lasers • Optical fibers in communications Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism Ferromagnetism • Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism • The Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior • Domains and Hysteresis • Magnetic Anisotropy • Soft Magnetic Materials • Materials of Importance-An Iron-Silicon Alloy That Is Used in Transformer Cores • Hard Magnetic Materials Magnetic Storage • Superconductivity

Module 6: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (6 Hrs.)

Properties of superconductors • London equations • Quantum explanation of superconductivity • Applications of superconductors • Nanomaterials: Introduction to nanotechnology • Nanowire and Nanotube • Carbon nanotubes • Single wall carbon nanotubes • Multiwall carbon nanotubes • Fabrications • Properties and applications • Economic • Environmental • And Societal Issues in Materials Science and Engineering introduction • Economic considerations • Component design • Materials • Manufacturing techniques • Environmental and societal considerations • Recycling issues in materials science and engineering • Materials of importance-biodegradable and biorenewable polymers/ plastics

Module 1: (Lectures 8 hrs.)

Biomedical signals and Physiological transducers: Source of biomedical signal • Origin of bioelectric signals • Recording electrodes • Electrodes for ECG • EMG and EEG Physiological transducers: Pressure • Temperature • Photoelectric and ultrasound Transducers • Measurement in Respiratory system: Physiology of respiratory system • Measurement of breathing mechanics Spiro meter • Respiratory therapy equipments Inhalators ventilators and Respirators • Humidifiers • Nebulizers Aspirators • Biomedical recorders: ECG • EEG and EMG

Module 2: (Lectures 8 hrs.)

Patient Monitoring systems and Audiometers: Cardiac monitor • Bed-side patient monitor • Measurement of heart rate • Blood pressure • Temperature • Respiration rate • Arrhythmia monitor • Methods of monitoring fatal heart rate • Monitoring labor activity • Audiometers: Audiometers • Blood cell counters • Oximeter • Blood flow meter • Cardiac output measurement • Blood gas analyzers

Module 3: (Lectures 8 hrs.)

Modern Imaging systems: Introduction • Basic principle and Block diagram of x-ray machine • X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) • Magnetic resonance imaging system (NMR) • Ultrasonic imaging system • Eco-Cardiograph • Eco Encephalography • Ophthalmic scans • MRI • Therapeutic Equipments: Cardiac pacemakers • Cardiac defibrillators • Hemodialysis machine • Surgical diathermy machine

Module 4: (Lectures 8 hrs.)

Patient's safety: Precautions • Safety codes for electro medical equipment • Electric safety analyzer • Testing of biomedical equipment • Ultrasound therapy unit • Electrotherapy Equipments • Ventilators

Module 1: Introduction to Satellite Communication (Lectures 6 hrs.)

Principles and architecture of satellite Communication • Brief history of Satellite systems • Advantages • Disadvantages • Applications and frequency bands used for satellite communication

Module 2: Orbital Mechanics (Lectures 6 hrs.)

Orbital equations • Kepler's laws • Apogee and Perigee for an elliptical orbit • Evaluation of velocity • Orbital period • Angular velocity etc. of a satellite • Concepts of Solar day and Sidereal day

Module 3: Satellite sub-systems (Lectures 6 hrs.)

Study of Architecture and Roles of various sub systems of a satellite system such as Telemetry • Tracking • Command and monitoring (TTC and M) • Attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) • Communication sub-system

Module 4: Typical Phenomena in Satellite Communication (Lectures 6 hrs.)

Solar Eclipse on satellite • Its effects • Remedies for Eclipse • Sun Transit Outage phenomena • Its effects and remedies • Doppler frequency shift Phenomena and expression for Doppler shift

Module 5: System Analysis (Lectures 6 hrs.)

Flux density and received signal power equations • Calculation of System noise temperature for satellite receiver • Noise power calculation • C/N ratio calculations in clear air and rainy conditions

Module 1:

Introduction to vector nature of light • Propagation of light • Propagation of light in a cylindrical dielectric rod • Ray model • Wave model

Module 2:

Different types of optical fibers • Modal analysis of a step index fiber • Signal degradation on optical fiber due to dispersion and attenuation • Fabrication of fibers and measurement techniques like OTDR

Module 3:

Optical sources - LEDs and Lasers • Photo-detectors - pin-diodes, APDs, detector responsivity, noise, optical receivers • Optical link design - BER calculation, quantum limit, power penalties

Module 4:

Optical switches - coupled mode analysis of directional couplers, electro-optic switches

Module 5:

Optical amplifiers - EDFA, Raman amplifier

Module 6:

WDM and DWDM systems • Principles of WDM networks

Module 7:

Nonlinear effects in fiber optic links • Concept of self-phase modulation • Group velocity dispersion and solition based communication

Module 1:

Semiconductor crystal lattice and growth of high purity semiconductor materials Energy bands • Fermi-Dirac distribution function, and energy band diagrams Doping of semiconductors; carrier concentration in doped and intrinsic semiconductors Carrier transport phenomena • Drift and diffusion current; device current equations

Module 2:

Generation, recombination, carrier lifetime and mobility Semiconductor junctions p-n diodes: creation of space charge region in a p-n junction and current-voltage characteristics Metal-semiconductor contacts - Schottky and Ohmic contact LED -Application of p-n junction Basic operation principle of BJT and MOSFET transistors

Module 3:

Introduction to nanotechnology, meso structures, Basics of Quantum Mechanics: Schrodinger equation, Density of States • Particle in a box Concepts, Degeneracy • Band Theory of Solids • Kronig-Penny Model • Brillouin Zones

Module 4:

Shrink-down approaches: Introduction, CMOS Scaling, The nanoscale MOSFET, Finfets, Vertical MOSFETS, limits to scaling, system integration limits (interconnect issues etc.)

Module 5:

Resonant Tunneling Diode • Coulomb dots • Quantum blockade • Single electron transistors • Carbon nanotube electronics • Bandstructure and transport, devices, applications, 2D semiconductors and electronic devices • Graphene • Atomistic simulation

Module 1: Transducers (10 hours)

Introduction • Classification • Mechanical devices as primary detectors • Basic requirements of a transducer • Electrical transducers • Type of transducers for measuring displacement • Strain • Vibration • Pressure • Flow • Temperature • Force • Torque • Liquid level • Humidity • P. H. value • Velocity (angular & linear) • Acceleration • Basic principles of resistive transducers • Inductive transducers • Capacitive transducers • Thermoelectric transducers • Piezoelectric transducers • Hall effect transducers • Electromechanical transducers • Photoelectric transducers • Digital transducers

Module 2: Signal Processing Circuits (11 hours)

Crossing detector • Zero crossing detector with hysteresis • Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers • Voltage-follower • Adder • Sub-tractor • Multiplier • Divider • Integrator • Differentiator • Voltage to current converter • Current to voltage converter • Phase shifter circuit • Absolute-value circuit • Peak detector • Ac to dc converter • Logarithmic converter • Differential-amplifier • Instrumentation amplifier • Analog modulators & demodulators

Module 3: Data Display and Recording Systems (6 hours)

Introduction to analog and digital display methods • Analog recorders • C.R.O. • Magnetic tape recorders • Digital input-output devices • Digital frequency meter • Digital voltmeter

Module 4: Data Transmission and Telemetry (6 hours)

Introduction • Characteristics of frequency division multiplexing • Time-division multiplexing • Transmission channels and media

Module 5: Data Acquisition and Conversion (7 hours)

Introduction • Signal conditioning of the inputs • Single channel DAS • Multi-channel DAS • Data conversion • Multiplexer • S/H circuit • A/D converter

Module 1: Introduction and Components of a Protection System (4 hours)

Principles of Power System Protection • Relays • Instrument transformers • Circuit Breakers

Module 2: Faults and Over-Current Protection (8 hours)

Review of Fault Analysis • Sequence Networks • Introduction to Overcurrent Protection • Overcurrent relay co-ordination

Module 3: Equipment Protection Schemes (8 hours)

Directional protection • Distance protection • Differential protection • Transformer and Generator protection • Bus bar Protection • Bus Bar arrangement schemes

Module 4: Digital Protection (8 hours)

Computer-aided protection • Fourier analysis and estimation of Phasors from DFT • Sampling • Aliasing issues

Module 5: Modeling and Simulation of Protection Schemes (8 hours)

CT/PT modeling and standards • Simulation of transients using Electro-Magnetic Transients (EMT) programs • Relay Testing

Module 6: System Protection (4 hours)

Effect of Power Swings on Distance Relaying • System Protection Schemes • Under-frequency relays • Under-voltage relays • Df/dt relays • Out-of-step protection • Synchro-phasors • Phasor Measurement Units • Wide-Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) • Application of WAMS for improving protection systems

Module 1: Introduction to Smart Grid: (8 hours)

Evolution of Electric Grid • Concept • Definitions and Need for Smart Grid • Smart grid drivers • Functions • Opportunities • Challenges and benefits • Difference between conventional & Smart Grid • Concept of Resilient & Self-Healing Grid • Present development & International policies in Smart Grid • Diverse perspectives from experts and global Smart Grid initiatives

Module 2: Smart Grid Technologies (8 hours)

Technology Drivers • Smart energy resources • Smart substations • Substation Automation • Feeder Automation • Transmission systems: EMS • FACTS and HVDC • Wide area monitoring • Protection and Control • Distribution Systems: DMS • Volt/Var control • Fault Detection • Isolation and service restoration • Outage management • High-Efficiency • Distribution Transformers • Phase Shifting Transformers • Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)

Module 3: Smart Meters and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (8 hours)

Introduction to Smart Meters • Advanced Metering infrastructure (AMI) drivers and benefits • AMI protocols • Standards and initiatives • AMI needs in the smart grid • Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) • Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) • Their application for monitoring & protection

Module 4: Power Quality Management in Smart Grid: (8 hours)

Power Quality & EMC in Smart Grid • Power Quality issues of Grid connected Renewable Energy Sources • Power Quality Conditioners for Smart Grid • Web based Power Quality monitoring • Power Quality Audit

Module 5: High Performance Computing for Smart Grid Applications (8 hours)

Local Area Network (LAN) • House Area Network (HAN) • Wide Area Network (WAN) • Broad band over Power line (BPL) • IP based Protocols • Basics of Web Service and CLOUD Computing to make Smart Grids smarter • Cyber Security for Smart Grid

Module 1: Physics of Wind Power: (5 Hours)

History of wind power • Indian and Global statistics • Wind physics • Betz limit • Tip speed ratio • Stall and pitch control • Wind speed statistics-probability distributions • Wind speed and power-cumulative distribution functions

Module 2: Wind generator topologies: (12 Hours)

Review of modern wind turbine technologies • Fixed and Variable speed wind turbines • Induction Generators • Doubly-Fed Induction Generators and their characteristics • Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators • Power electronics converters • Generator-Converter configurations • Converter Control

Module 3: The Solar Resource: (3 Hours)

Introduction • Solar radiation spectra • Solar geometry • Earth Sun angles • Observer Sun angles • Solar day length • Estimation of solar energy availability

Module 4: Solar photovoltaic: (8 Hours)

Technologies-Amorphous • Monocrystalline • Polycrystalline • V-I characteristics of a PV cell • PV module • Array • Power Electronic Converters for Solar Systems • Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms • Converter Control

Module 5: Network Integration Issues: (8 Hours)

Overview of grid code technical requirements • Fault ride-through for wind farms -real and reactive power regulation • Voltage and frequency operating limits • Solar PV and wind farm behavior during grid disturbances • Power quality issues • Power system interconnection experiences in the world • Hybrid and isolated operations of solar PV and wind systems

Module 6: Solar thermal power generation: (3 Hours)

Technologies • Parabolic trough • Central receivers • Parabolic dish • Fresnel • Solar pond • Elementary analysis