Electrical Engineering • 4th SemesterCore / Standard CurriculumChange Track

Electrical Engineering — 4th Semester Syllabus

Electrical Engineering

Credits Allocation Table (L-T-P Structure)

Course Title	Code	L	T	P	Credits
Digital Electronics	103401	3	1	0	4
Signals and Systems	103402	3	1	0	4
Electrical Machine-II	103403	3	1	0	4
Electromagnetic Field Theory	103404	3	1	0	4
Control System	103405	3	1	0	4
Environmental Science	103406	3	0	0	0
Digital Electronics Lab	103401P	0	0	2	1
Electrical Machine-II Lab	103403P	0	0	2	1
Control System Lab	103405P	0	0	2	1
NPTEL-I (Open Course)	103407	-	-	-	3
TOTAL	-	-	-	-	26

Digital Electronics

103401

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit-1.0: Fundamentals of Digital Systems and logic families

Digital signals
Digital circuits
AND
NOT
NAND
NOR and Exclusive OR operations
Boolean algebra
Number systems-binary
Signed binary
Octal
Hexadecimal number
Binary arithmetic
One's and two's complements arithmetic
Codes
Error detecting and correcting codes
Characteristics of digital ICs
Examples of IC gates
Digital logic families
TTL
Schottky TTL and CMOS logic
Interfacing CMOS and TTL
Tri-state logic

Unit-2.0: Combinational Digital Circuits

Standard representation for logic functions
K-map representation
Simplification of logic functions using K-map
Minimization of logical functions
Don't care conditions
Multiplexer
De-Multiplexer/Decoders
Adders
Sub tractors
BCD arithmetic
Carry look ahead adder
Serial adder
ALU
Elementary ALU design
Popular MSI chips
Digital comparator
Parity checker/generator
Code converters
Priority encoders
Decoders/drivers for display devices
Quine-Mc cluskey method of function realization

Unit-3.0: Sequential circuits and systems

A 1-bit memory
The circuit properties of Bistable latch
The clocked SR flip flop
J- K
T and D types flip flops
Applications of flip flops
Shift registers
Applications of shift registers
Serial to parallel converter
Parallel to serial converter
Ring counter
Sequence generator
Ripple (Asynchronous) counters
Synchronous counters
Counters design using flip flops
Special counter ICs
Asynchronous sequential counters
Applications of counters

Unit-4.0: A/D and D/A Converters

Digital to analog converters: weighted resistor/converter
R-2R Ladder D/A converter
Specifications for D/A converters
Examples of D/A converter ICs
Sample and hold circuit
Analog to digital converters: quantization and encoding
Parallel comparator A/D converter
Successive approximation A/D converter
Counting A/D converter
Dual slope A/D converter
A/D converter using voltage to frequency and voltage to time conversion
Specifications of A/D converters
Example of A/D converter ICs

Unit-5.0: Semiconductor memories and Programmable logic devices

Memory organization and operation
Expanding memory size
Classification and characteristics of memories
Sequential memory
Read only memory (ROM)
Read and write memory(RAM)
Content addressable memory (CAM)
Charge de coupled device memory (CCD)
Commonly used memory chips
ROM as a PLD

Unit-6.0:

Programmable logic array
Programmable array logic
Complex Programmable logic devices (CPLDS)
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

Signals and Systems

103402

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit-1.0: Introduction to Signals and Systems

Signals and systems as seen in everyday life
And in various branches of engineering and science
Signal properties: periodicity
Absolute integrability
Determinism and stochastic character
Some special signals of importance: the unit step
The unit impulse
The sinusoid
The complex exponential
Some special time-limited signals; continuous and discrete time signals
Continuous and discrete amplitude signals
System properties: linearity: additivity and homogeneity
Shift-invariance
Causality
Stability
Realizability
Examples

Unit-2.0: Behavior of continuous and discrete-time LTI systems

Impulse response and step response
Convolution
Input-output behavior with aperiodic convergent inputs
Cascade interconnections
Characterization of causality and stability of LTI systems
System representation through differential equations and difference equations
State space representation of systems
State-Space analysis
Multi-input multi-output representation
State Transition Matrix and its Role
Periodic inputs to an LTI system
The notion of a frequency response and its relation to the impulse response

Unit-3.0: Fourier series and Fourier Transform

Fourier series representation of periodic signals
Waveform Symmetries
Calculation of Fourier Coefficients
Fourier Transform
Convolution/multiplication and their effect in the frequency domain
Magnitude and phase response
Fourier domain duality
The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) and the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
Parseval's Theorem

Unit-4.0: Laplace Transform

Review of the Laplace Transform for continuous time signals and systems
System functions
Poles and zeros of system functions and signals
Laplace domain analysis
Solution to differential equations and system behavior

Unit-5.0: Sampling and Reconstruction

The Sampling theorem and its implications
Spectra of sampled signals
Reconstruction: ideal interpolator
Zero-order hold
First-order hold
Aliasing and its effects
Relation between continuous and discrete time systems
Introduction to the applications of signal and system theory: modulation for communication
Filtering
Feedback control systems

Unit-6.0: Z-Transform

The Z-Transform for discrete time signals and systems
System functions
Poles and zeros of systems and sequences
Region of convergence
Z-domain analysis; Unilateral Laplace transform
Difference equations
System representations: direct
Cascade
Parallel forms

Electrical Machine-II

103403

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit-1.0: Fundamentals of AC machine windings

Physical arrangement of windings in stator and cylindrical rotor; slots for windings; single-turn coil - active portion and overhang; full-pitch coils
Concentrated winding
Distributed winding
Winding axis
3D visualization of the above winding types
Air-gap MMF distribution with fixed current through winding-concentrated and distributed
Sinusoidally distributed winding
Winding distribution factor

Unit-2.0: Pulsating and revolving magnetic fields

Constant magnetic field
Pulsating magnetic field - alternating current in windings with spatial displacement
Magnetic field produced by a single winding - fixed current and alternating current Pulsating fields produced by spatially displaced windings
Windings spatially shifted by 90 degrees
Addition of pulsating magnetic fields
Three windings spatially shifted by 120 degrees (carrying three-phase balanced currents)
Revolving magnetic field

Unit-3.0: Induction Machines

Construction
Types (squirrel cage and slip-ring)
Torque Slip Characteristics
Starting and Maximum Torque. Equivalent circuit. Phasor Diagram
Losses and Efficiency
Effect of parameter variation on torque speed characteristics (variation of rotor and stator resistances
Stator voltage
Frequency)
Methods of starting
Braking and speed control for induction motors. Generator operation. Self-excitation. Doubly-Fed Induction Machines; Linear Induction Machine

Unit-4.0: Single-phase AC motors

Single-phase induction motor: Constructional features
Double revolving field theory
Equivalent circuit
Determination of parameters. Split-phase starting methods and applications; Universal Series Motor

Unit-5.0: Synchronous machines

Constructional features
Cylindrical rotor synchronous machine - generated EMF
Equivalent circuit and phasor diagram
Armature reaction
Synchronous impedance
Voltage regulation
Operating characteristics of synchronous machines
V-curves. Salient pole machine - two reaction theory
Analysis of phasor diagram
Power angle characteristics
Parallel operation of alternators - synchronization and load division; starting and speed control of synchronous motors

Unit-6.0: Special Electric Machines

Reluctance Machines: Synchronous reluctance
Stepper motors
And switched reluctance machines
Principles of operation and models for operating characteristics
Steady-state and dynamic performance. PM machines: Basic analysis of magnetic circuit with permanent magnets
Steady-state and dynamic performance of PM synchronous machines
And Brushless DC machines
Servo Motors: Working principle and applications

Electromagnetic Field Theory

103404

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit-1.0: Review of Vector Calculus

Vector algebra: addition
Subtraction
Components of vectors
Scalar and vector multiplications
Triple products
Three orthogonal coordinate systems (rectangular
Cylindrical
And spherical)
Vector calculus- differentiation
Partial differentiation
Integration
Vector operator del
Gradient
Divergence
And curl; integral theorems of vectors
Conversion of a vector from one coordinate system to another

Unit-2.0: Static Electric Field

Coulomb's law
Electric field intensity
Electrical field due to point charges. Line
Surface
And Volume charge distributions
Gauss' law and its applications. Absolute Electric potential
Potential difference
Calculation of potential differences for different configurations
Electric dipole
Electrostatic Energy
And Energy density

Unit-3.0: Conductors, Dielectrics, and Capacitance

Current and current density
Ohm's Law in Point form
Continuity of current
Boundary conditions of perfect dielectric materials
Permittivity of dielectric materials
Capacitance
Capacitance of a two-wire line
Poisson's equation
Laplace's equation
Solution of Laplace and Poisson's equation
Application of Laplace's and Poisson's equations

Unit-4.0: Static Magnetic Fields & Time Varying Fields

Static Magnetic Field: Biot-Savart Law
Ampere Law
Magnetic flux and magnetic flux density
Scalar and Vector Magnetic potentials
Steady magnetic fields produced by current-carrying conductors Time Varying Field: Faraday's law for Electromagnetic induction
Displacement current
Point form of Maxwell's equation
Integral form of Maxwell's equations
Motional Electromotive forces
Boundary Conditions

Unit-5.0: Magnetic Forces, Materials, and Inductance

Force on a moving charge
Force on a differential current element
Force between differential current elements
Nature of magnetic materials
Magnetization and permeability
Magnetic boundary conditions
Magnetic circuits
Inductances and mutual inductances

Unit-6.0: Electromagnetic Waves

Derivation of Wave Equation
Uniform Plane Waves
Maxwell's equation in Phasor form
Wave equation in Phasor form
Plane waves in free space and in a homogenous material
Wave equation for a conducting medium
Plane waves in lossy dielectrics
Propagation in good conductors
Skin effect. Poynting theorem

Control System

103405

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit-1.0: Introduction to control problem

Industrial Control examples. Mathematical models of physical systems. Control hardware and their models. Transfer function models of linear time-invariant systems
Feedback Control: Open-Loop and Closed-loop systems. Benefits of Feedback. Block diagram algebra

Unit-2.0: Time Response Analysis

Standard test signals. Time response of first and second order systems for standard test inputs
Application of initial and final value theorem. Design specifications for second-order systems based on the time- response. Concept of Stability
Routh-Hurwitz Criteria. Relative Stability analysis. Root-Locus technique. Construction of Root-loci

Unit-3.0: Frequency-response analysis

Relationship between time and frequency response
Polar plots
Bode plots. Nyquist stability criterion
Relative stability using Nyquist criterion - gain and phase margin. Closed-loop frequency response

Unit-4.0: Introduction to Controller Design

Stability
Steady-state accuracy
Transient accuracy
Disturbance rejection
Insensitivity and robustness of control systems. Root-loci method of feedback controller design
Design specifications in frequency-domain. Frequency-domain methods of design. Application of Proportional
Integral and Derivative Controllers
Lead and Lag compensation in designs
Analog and Digital implementation of controllers

Unit-5.0: State variable Analysis

Concepts of state variables. State space model. Diagonalization of State Matrix. Solution of state equations. Eigenvalues and Stability Analysis
Concept of controllability and observability. Pole-placement by state feedback. Discrete-time systems. Difference Equations. State-space models of linear discrete-time systems
Stability of linear discrete-time systems

Unit-6.0: Introduction to Optimal Control and Nonlinear Control

Performance Indices. Regulator problem
Tracking Problem. Nonlinear system-Basic concepts and analysis

Environmental Science

103406

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit-1.0: Ecosystem

Structure of ecosystem
Biotic & Abiotic components
Food chain and food web
Aquatic (Lentic and Lotic) and terrestrial ecosystem
Carbon
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Phosphorus cycle
Global warming -Causes
Effects
Process
Green House Effect
Ozone depletion

Unit-2.0: Air Pollution

Definition of pollution and pollutant
Natural and manmade sources of air pollution (Refrigerants
I.C.
Boiler)
Air Pollutants: Types
Particulate Pollutants: Effects and control (Bag filter
Cyclone separator
Electrostatic Precipitator)
Gaseous Pollution Control: Absorber
Catalytic Converter
Effects of air pollution due to Refrigerants
I.C.
Boiler

Unit-3.0: Noise Pollution

Noise pollution: sources of pollution
Measurement of pollution level
Effects of Noise pollution
Noise pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules
2000

Unit-4.0: Water and Soil Pollution

Sources of water pollution
Types of water pollutants
Characteristics of water pollutants Turbidity
Total suspended solids
Total solids BOD and COD: Definition
Calculation
Waste Water Treatment: Primary methods: sedimentation
Froth floatation
Secondary methods: Activated sludge treatment
Trickling filter
Bioreactor
Tertiary Method: Membrane separation technology
RO (reverse osmosis)
Causes
Effects and Preventive measures of Soil Pollution: Causes-Excessive use of Fertilisers
Pesticides and Insecticides
Irrigation
E-Waste

Unit-5.0: Renewable sources of Energy

Solar Energy: Basics of Solar energy. Flat plate collector (Liquid & Air). Theory of flat plate collector
Importance of coating. Advanced collector. Solar pond. Solar water heater
Solar dryer. Solar stills
Biomass: Overview of biomass as energy source. Thermal characteristics of biomass as fuel
Anaerobic digestion. Biogas production mechanism
Utilisation and storage of biogas
Wind energy: Current status and future prospects of wind energy. Wind energy in India
Environmental benefits and problem of wind energy
New Energy Sources: Need of new sources. Different types new energy sources
Applications of (Hydrogen energy
Ocean energy resources
Tidal energy conversion.) Concept
Origin and power plants of geothermal energy

Unit-6.0: Solid Waste Management, ISO 14000 & Environmental Management

Solid waste generation- Sources and characteristics of: Municipal solid waste
E- waste
Biomedical waste
Metallic wastes and Non-Metallic wastes (lubricants
Plastics
Rubber) from industries
Collection and disposal: MSW (3R
Principles
Energy recovery
Sanitary landfill)
Hazardous waste
Air quality act 2004
Air pollution control act 1981 and water pollution and control act1996
Structure and role of Central and state pollution control board
Concept of Carbon Credit
Carbon Footprint
Environmental management in fabrication industry
ISO14000: Implementation in industries
Benefits

NPTEL-I (Open Course)

103407

Theory Course • Course Details

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Digital Electronics Lab

103401P

Laboratory Subject • 1 Units

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Topics Part 1

Study and verify the operation of all logic gates.
Design and verify NAND & NOR Gate as a Universalgates.
Design and Verify DE Morgan's Theorem.
Design and verity Binary to Gray & Gray to Binary Conversion.
Design and verify Half adder circuit & Half Subtractor circuit.
Design and Verity Full adder circuit & Full Subtractor Circuit.
Study and verify multiplexer and De-multiplexer Circuit.
Design and Verity BCD to 7-segment display.
Study of Encoder and Decoder circuit
Study of characteristics of SR, JK, T & Master-Slave Flip-Flop.
Design and Verify shift, register circuit
Study and Verity weighted Binary DAC R-2R ladder DAC & Flash ADC
Study of Johnson counter & Binary counter.
Study of 4-bit Synchronous Up/Down mod-n counter.

Prescribed Experiments

Study and verify the operation of all logic gates.
Design and verify NAND & NOR Gate as a Universalgates.
Design and Verify DE Morgan's Theorem.
Design and verity Binary to Gray & Gray to Binary Conversion.
Design and verify Half adder circuit & Half Subtractor circuit.
Design and Verity Full adder circuit & Full Subtractor Circuit.
Study and verify multiplexer and De-multiplexer Circuit.
Design and Verity BCD to 7-segment display.
Study of Encoder and Decoder circuit
Study of characteristics of SR, JK, T & Master-Slave Flip-Flop.
Design and Verify shift, register circuit
Study and Verity weighted Binary DAC R-2R ladder DAC & Flash ADC
Study of Johnson counter & Binary counter.
Study of 4-bit Synchronous Up/Down mod-n counter.

Electrical Machine-II Lab

103403P

Laboratory Subject • 1 Units

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Topics Part 1

Study of the three-phase Induction motor starting methods
Determination of equivalent circuit parameters of a three-phase induction Motor
To perform a load test on a single-phase squirrel-cage Induction motor
To perform a load test on a three-phase squirrel-cage Induction motor
To perform a load test on a three-phase slip ring induction motor
To perform the speed control on a three-phase squirrel cage Induction motor
To perform the operation of a three-phase synchronous motor by varying the field excitation at different mechanical loading
Determination of OCC, SCC, and ZPF characteristics of a 3-phase Synchronous Machine
Determining the V-curve of a Synchronous Machine
To study the operation of a synchronous generator at NO load and Full load

Prescribed Experiments

Study of the three-phase Induction motor starting methods
Determination of equivalent circuit parameters of a three-phase induction Motor
To perform a load test on a single-phase squirrel-cage Induction motor
To perform a load test on a three-phase squirrel-cage Induction motor
To perform a load test on a three-phase slip ring induction motor
To perform the speed control on a three-phase squirrel cage Induction motor
To perform the operation of a three-phase synchronous motor by varying the field excitation at different mechanical loading
Determination of OCC, SCC, and ZPF characteristics of a 3-phase Synchronous Machine
Determining the V-curve of a Synchronous Machine
To study the operation of a synchronous generator at NO load and Full load

Control System Lab

103405P

Laboratory Subject • 1 Units

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Topics Part 1

To study the potentiometer as an error detector.
To study the PID controller for an oven.
To study the synchro transmission-receiver & output v/s input characteristics.
To study the characteristics of a small A.C. servomotor.
Determine the transient response of a 2nd order system.
To study the performance of an Analog PID controller using a simulated system.
To study the behavior of DC-separated excited motors at open-loop and closed-loop control systems.

Prescribed Experiments

To study the potentiometer as an error detector.
To study the PID controller for an oven.
To study the synchro transmission-receiver & output v/s input characteristics.
To study the characteristics of a small A.C. servomotor.
Determine the transient response of a 2nd order system.
To study the performance of an Analog PID controller using a simulated system.
To study the behavior of DC-separated excited motors at open-loop and closed-loop control systems.