Electrical Engineering — 8th Semester Syllabus

Module 1: Introduction (8 hours)

Background • Digital Image Representation • Fundamental Steps In Image Processing • Elements Of A Digital Image Processing System • Digital Image Fundamentals • Elements Of Visual Perception • A Simple Image Model • Sampling And Quantization • Some Basic Relationships Between Pixels • Imagining Geometry

Module 2: Image Transforms (8 hours)

Introduction To The Fourier Transform • The Discrete Fourier Transform • Some Properties Of The Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform • Other Separable Image Transforms

Module 3: Image Enhancement (8 hours)

Spatial Domain Methods • Frequency Domain Methods • Some Simple Intensity Transformations • Histogram Processing • Image Subtraction • Image Averaging • Background • Smoothing Filters • Sharpening Filters • Lowpass Filtering • Highpass Filtering • Generation Of Spatial Masks From Frequency Domain Specifications

Module 4: Image Restoring (8 hours)

Degradations Model - Definitions • Degradation Model For Continuous Functions • Diagonalization Of Circulant And Block-Circulant Matrices • Circulant Matrices • Block Circulant Matrices • Effects Of Diagonalization On The Degradation Model • Algebraic Approach To Restoration • Unconstrained Restoration • Constrained Restoration • Inverse Filtering – Formulation • Removal Of Blur Caused By Uniform Linear Motion • Restoration In The Spatial Domain • Geometric Transformation

Module 5: Image Compression (8 hours)

Fundamentals – Coding Redundancy • Interpixel Redundancy • Psychovisual Redundancy • Fidelity Criteria • Image Compression Models – The Source Encoder And Decoder • The Channel Encoder And Decoder • Elements Of Information Theory – Measuring Information • The Information Channel • Fundamental Coding Theorems • Using Information Theory • Error-Free Compression – Variable-Length Coding • Bit-Plane Coding • Lossless Predictive Coding • Lossy Compression – Lossy Predictive Coding • Transform Coding

Module 1: (8 lectures)

Deformation In Solids- Hooke's Law • Stress And Strain- Tension • Compression And Shear Stresses- Elastic Constants And Their Relations- Volumetric • Linear And Shear Strains- Principal Stresses And Principal Planes- Mohr's Circle • Theories Of Failure

Module 2: (8 lectures)

Beams And Types Transverse Loading On Beams- Shear Force And Bend Moment Diagrams- Types Of Beam Supports • Simply Supported And Over-Hanging Beams • Cantilevers • Theory Of Bending Of Beams • Bending Stress Distribution And Neutral Axis • Shear Stress Distribution • Point And Distributed Loads

Module 3: (8 lectures)

Moment Of Inertia About An Axis And Polar Moment Of Inertia • Deflection Of A Beam Using Double Integration Method • Computation Of Slopes And Deflection In Beams • Maxwell's Reciprocal Theorems

Module 4: (8 lectures)

Torsion • Stresses And Deformation In Circular And Hollow Shafts • Stepped Shafts • Deflection Of Shafts Fixed At Both Ends • Stresses And Deflection Of Helical Springs

Module 5: (8 lectures)

Axial And Hoop Stresses In Cylinders Subjected To Internal Pressure • Deformation Of Thick And Thin Cylinders • Deformation In Spherical Shells Subjected To Internal Pressure

Module 1: Introduction (2 hours)

Classification Of Fluid Machinery

Module 2: Dynamic Action Of Fluid Jet (4 hours)

Impact Of Fluid Jet On Fixed And Moving Flat Places • Impact Of Jet On Fixed And Moving Curved Vanes • Flow Over Radial Vanes • Jet Propulsions

Module 3: Euler's Fundamental Equation (2 hours)

Euler's Fundamental Equation • Degree Of Reaction

Module 4: Hydraulic Turbines (10 hours)

Hydraulic Turbines • Introduction • Classification • Impulse Turbine • Construction Details • Velocity Triangles • Power And Efficiency Calculations • Reaction Turbines • Constructional Details • Working Principle • Velocity Triangles • Power And Efficiency Calculations • Draft Tube • Cavitation • Governing

Module 5: Principle Of Similarity In Fluid Machinery (3 hours)

Principle Of Similarity In Fluid Machinery • Testing Models And Selection Of Hydraulic Turbines

Module 6: Positive Displacement Pumps (4 hours)

Positive Displacement Pumps: Reciprocating Pump • Working Principle • Classification • Slip • Indicator Diagram • Effect Of Friction And Acceleration • Theory Of Air Vessel • Performance Characteristics Gas Gear Oil Pump And Screw Pump

Module 7: Rotodynamic Pumps (7 hours)

Rotodynamic Pumps: Introduction • Classification • Centrifugal Pump • Main Components • Working Principle Velocity Triangle • Effect Of Shape Of Blade Specific Speed • Heats • Power And Efficiency • Calculations Minimum Steering Speed • Multi Stage Pumps • Performance Characteristic • Comparison With Reciprocating Pump

Module 1: Introduction (9 hours)

Internet Of Things Promises Definition Scope • Sensors For IoT Applications • Structure Of IoT • IoT Map Device

Module 2: Seven Generations Of IoT Sensors To Appear (9 hours)

Industrial Sensors Description & Characteristics–First Generation – Description & Characteristics–Advanced Generation – Description & Characteristics–Integrated IoT Sensors – Description & Characteristics–Polytronics Systems – Description & Characteristics–Sensors Swarm – Description & Characteristics–Printed Electronics – Description & Characteristics–IoT Generation Roadmap

Module 3: Technological Analysis (9 hours)

Wireless Sensor Structure–Energy Storage Module–Power Management Module–RF Module–Sensing Module

Module 4: IoT Development Examples (9 hours)

ACOEM Eagle – En Ocean Push Button – NEST Sensor – Ninja Blocks -Focus On Wearable Electronics

Module 5: Preparing IoT Projects (9 hours)

Creating The Sensor Project: Preparing Raspberry Pi-Clayster Libraries - Hardware- Interacting With The Hardware - Interfacing The Hardware- Internal Representation Of Sensor Values - Persisting Data - External Representation Of Sensor Values - Exporting Sensor Data - Creating The Actuator Project- Hardware - Interfacing The Hardware - Creating A Controller - Representing Sensor Values - Parsing Sensor Data - Calculating Control States - Creating A Camera - Hardware -Accessing The Serial Port On Raspberry Pi - Interfacing The Hardware - Creating Persistent Default Settings Adding Configurable Properties - Persisting The Settings - Working With The Current Settings Initializing The Camera

Module 1: Design Specifications (6 hours)

Introduction To Design Problem And Philosophy • Introduction To Time Domain And Frequency Domain Design Specification And Its Physical Relevance • Effect Of Gain On Transient And Steady State Response • Effect Of Addition Of Pole On System Performance • Effect Of Addition Of Zero On System Response

Module 2: Design Of Classical Control System In The Time Domain (8 hours)

Introduction To Compensator • Design Of Lag • Lead Lag-lead Compensator In Time Domain • Feedback And Feed Forward Compensator Design • Feedback Compensation • Realization Of Compensators

Module 3: Design Of Classical Control System In Frequency Domain (8 hours)

Compensator Design In Frequency Domain To Improve Steady State And Transient Response • Feedback And Feed Forward Compensator Design Using Bode Diagram

Module 4: Design Of PID Controllers (6 hours)

Design Of P • PD And PID Controllers In Time Domain And Frequency Domain For First • Second And Third Order Systems • Control Loop With Auxiliary Feedback – Feed Forward Control

Module 5: Control System Design In State Space (8 hours)

Review Of State Space Representation • Concept Of Controllability & Observability • Effect Of Pole Zero Cancellation On The Controllability & Observability Of The System • Pole Placement Design Through State Feedback • Ackerman's Formula For Feed Back Gain Design • Design Of Observer • Reduced Order Observer • Separation Principle

Module 6: Nonlinearities And Its Effect On System Performance (3 hours)

Various Types Of Non-linearities • Effect Of Various Non-linearities On System Performance • Singular Points • Phase Plot Analysis

Module 1: Introduction (10 hours)

Conventional Vehicles: Basics Of Vehicle Performance • Vehicle Power Source Characterization • Transmission Characteristics • Mathematical Models To Describe Vehicle Performance • Introduction To Hybrid Electric Vehicles: History Of Hybrid And Electric Vehicles • Social And Environmental Importance Of Hybrid And Electric Vehicles • Impact Of Modern Drive-trains On Energy Supplies • Hybrid Electric Drive-trains: Basic Concept Of Hybrid Traction • Introduction To Various Hybrid Drivetrain Topologies • Power Flow Control In Hybrid Drive-train Topologies • Fuel Efficiency Analysis

Module 2: Electric Trains (10 hours)

Electric Drive-trains: Basic Concept Of Electric Traction • Introduction To Various Electric Drive-train Topologies • Power Flow Control In Electric Drive-train Topologies • Fuel Efficiency Analysis • Electric Propulsion Unit: Introduction To Electric Components Used In Hybrid And Electric Vehicles • Configuration And Control Of DC Motor Drives • Configuration And Control Of Induction Motor Drives • Configuration And Control Of Permanent Magnet Motor Drives • Configuration And Control Of Switch Reluctance Motor Drives • Drive System Efficiency

Module 3: Energy Storage (10 hours)

Energy Storage: Introduction To Energy Storage Requirements In Hybrid And Electric Vehicles • Battery Based Energy Storage And Its Analysis • Fuel Cell Based Energy Storage And Its Analysis • Super Capacitor Based Energy Storage And Its Analysis • Flywheel Based Energy Storage And Its Analysis • Hybridization Of Different Energy Storage Devices • Sizing The Drive System: Matching The Electric Machine And The Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) • Sizing The Propulsion Motor • Sizing The Power Electronics • Selecting The Energy Storage Technology • Communications • Supporting Subsystems

Module 4: Energy Management Strategies (9 hours)

Energy Management Strategies: Introduction To Energy Management Strategies Used In Hybrid And Electric Vehicles • Classification Of Different Energy Management Strategies • Comparison Of Different Energy Management Strategies • Implementation Issues Of Energy Management Strategies • Case Studies: Design Of A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) • Design Of A Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

Module 1: DC Transmission Technology (4 hours)

Comparison Of AC And DC Transmission (Economics, Technical Performance And Reliability) • Application Of DC Transmission • Types Of HV DC Systems • Components Of A HV DC System • Line Commutated Converter And Voltage Source Converter Based Systems

Module 2: Analysis Of Line Commutated And Voltage Source Converters (10 hours)

Line Commutated Converters (LCCs): Six Pulse Converter • Analysis Neglecting Commutation Overlap • Harmonics • Twelve Pulse Converters • Inverter Operation • Effect Of Commutation Overlap • Expressions For Average DC Voltage • AC Current And Reactive Power Absorbed By The Converters • Effect Of Commutation Failure • Misfire And Current Extinction In LCC Links • Voltage Source Converters (VSCs): Two And Three-level VSCs • PWM Schemes: Selective Harmonic Elimination • Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation • Analysis Of A Six Pulse Converter • Equations In The Rotating Frame • Real And Reactive Power Control Using A VSC

Module 3: Control Of HV DC Converters (10 hours)

Principles Of Link Control In A LCC HV DC System • Control Hierarchy • Firing Angle Controls – Phase-Locked Loop • Current And Extinction Angle Control • Starting And Stopping Of A Link • Higher Level Controllers Power Control • Frequency Control • Stability Controllers • Reactive Power Control • Principles Of Link Control In A VSC HV DC System: Power Flow And DC Voltage Control • Reactive Power Control/AC Voltage Regulation

Module 4: Components Of HV DC Systems (8 hours)

Smoothing Reactors • Reactive Power Sources And Filters In LCC HV DC Systems DC Line: Corona Effects • Insulators • Transient Over-voltages • DC Line Faults In LCC Systems • DC Line Faults In VSC Systems • DC Breakers • Monopolar Operation • Ground Electrodes

Module 5: Stability Enhancement Using HV DC Control (4 hours)

Basic Concepts: Power System Angular • Voltage And Frequency Stability • Power Modulation: Basic Principles – Synchronous And Asynchronous Links • Voltage Stability Problem In AC/DC Systems

Module 6: MT DC Links (4 hours)

Multi-Terminal And Multi-Infeed Systems • Series And Parallel MT DC Systems Using LCCs • MT DC Systems Using VSCs • Modern Trends In HV DC Technology • Introduction To Modular Multi-level Converters

Module 1: Transmission Lines And Series/Shunt Reactive Power Compensation (4 hours)

Basics Of AC Transmission • Analysis Of Uncompensated AC Transmission Lines • Passive Reactive Power Compensation • Shunt And Series Compensation At The Mid-point Of An AC Line • Comparison Of Series And Shunt Compensation

Module 2: Thyristor-based Flexible AC Transmission Controllers (FACTS) (6 hours)

Description And Characteristics Of Thyristor-based FACTS Devices: Static VAR Compensator (SVC) • Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) • Thyristor Controlled Braking Resistor And Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) Switch • Configurations/Modes Of Operation • Harmonics And Control Of SVC And TCSC • Fault Current Limiter

Module 3: Voltage Source Converter Based (FACTS) Controllers (8 hours)

Voltage Source Converters (VSC): Six Pulse VSC • Multi-pulse And Multi-level Converters • Pulse-Width Modulation For VSCs • Selective Harmonic Elimination • Sinusoidal PWM And Space Vector Modulation • STATCOM: Principle Of Operation • Reactive Power Control: Type I And Type II Controllers • Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) And Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC): Principle Of Operation And Control • Working Principle Of Interphase Power Flow Controller • Other Devices: GTO Controlled Series Compensator • Fault Current Limiter

Module 4: Application Of FACTS (4 hours)

Application Of FACTS Devices For Power-flow Control And Stability Improvement • Simulation Example Of Power Swing Damping In A Single-machine Infinite Bus System Using A TCSC • Simulation Example Of Voltage Regulation Of Transmission Mid-point Voltage Using A STATCOM

Module 5: Power Quality Problems In Distribution Systems (4 hours)

Power Quality Problems In Distribution Systems: Transient And Steady State Variations In Voltage And Frequency • Unbalance • Sags • Swells • Interruptions • Wave-form Distortions: Harmonics • Noise • Notching • DC- Offsets • Fluctuations • Flicker And Its Measurement • Tolerance Of Equipment: CBEMA Curve

Module 6: DSTATCOM (8 hours)

Reactive Power Compensation • Harmonics And Unbalance Mitigation In Distribution Systems Using DSTATCOM And Shunt Active Filters • Synchronous Reference Frame Extraction Of Reference Currents • Current Control Techniques In For DSTATCOM

Module 7: Dynamic Voltage Restorer And Unified Power Quality Conditioner (6 hours)

Voltage Sag/Swell Mitigation: Dynamic Voltage Restorer – Working Principle And Control Strategies • Series Active Filtering • Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC): Working Principle • Capabilities And Control Strategies

Module 1: Introduction To Power System Operations (3 hours)

Introduction To Power System Stability • Power System Operations And Control • Stability Problems In Power System • Impact On Power System Operations And Control

Module 2: Analysis Of Linear Dynamical System And Numerical Methods (5 hours)

Analysis Of Dynamical System • Concept Of Equilibrium • Small And Large Disturbance Stability • Modal Analysis Of Linear System • Analysis Using Numerical Integration Techniques • Issues In Modeling: Slow And Fast Transients • Stiff System

Module 3: Modeling Of Synchronous Machines And Associated Controllers (12 hours)

Modeling Of Synchronous Machine: Physical Characteristics • Rotor Position Dependent Model • D-Q Transformation • Model With Standard Parameters • Steady State Analysis Of Synchronous Machine • Short Circuit Transient Analysis Of A Synchronous Machine • Synchronization Of Synchronous Machine To An Infinite Bus • Modeling Of Excitation And Prime Mover Systems • Physical Characteristics And Models • Excitation System Control • Automatic Voltage Regulator • Prime Mover Control Systems • Speed Governors

Module 4: Modeling Of Other Power System Components (10 hours)

Modeling Of Transmission Lines And Loads • Transmission Line Physical Characteristics • Transmission Line Modeling • Load Models - Induction Machine Model • Frequency And Voltage Dependence Of Loads • Other Subsystems – HVDC And FACTS Controllers • Wind Energy Systems

Module 5: Stability Analysis (11 hours)

Angular Stability Analysis In Single Machine Infinite Bus System • Angular Stability In Multi-machine Systems–Intra-plant • Local And Inter-area Modes • Frequency Stability: Centre Of Inertia Motion • Load Sharing: Governor Droop • Single Machine Load Bus System: Voltage Stability • Introduction To Torsional Oscillations And The SSR Phenomenon • Stability Analysis Tools: Transient Stability Programs • Small Signal Analysis Programs

Module 6: Enhancing System Stability (4 hours)

Planning Measures • Stabilizing Controllers (Power System Stabilizers) • Operational Measures-Preventive Control • Emergency Control

Module 1: Power Converters For AC Drives (10 hours)

PWM Control Of Inverter • Selected Harmonic Elimination • Space Vector Modulation • Current Control Of VSI • Three Level Inverter • Different Topologies • SVM For 3 Level Inverter • Diode Rectifier With Boost Chopper • PWM Converter As Line Side Rectifier • Current Fed Inverters With Self-commutated Devices • Control Of CSI • H Bridge As A 4-Q Drive

Module 2: Induction Motor Drives (10 hours)

Different Transformations And Reference Frame Theory • Modeling Of Induction Machines • Voltage Fed Inverter Control-v/f Control • Vector Control • Direct Torque And Flux Control (DTC)

Module 3: Synchronous Motor Drives (6 hours)

Modeling Of Synchronous Machines • Open Loop v/f Control • Vector Control • Direct Torque Control • CSI Fed Synchronous Motor Drives

Module 4: Permanent Magnet Motor Drives (6 hours)

Introduction To Various PM Motors • BLDC And PMSM Drive Configuration • Comparison • Block Diagrams • Speed And Torque Control In BLDC And PMSM

Module 5: Switched Reluctance Motor Drives (6 hours)

Evolution Of Switched Reluctance Motors • Various Topologies For SRM Drives • Comparison • Closed Loop Speed And Torque Control Of SRM

Module 6: DSP Based Motion Control (6 hours)

Use Of DSPs In Motion Control • Various DSPs Available • Realization Of Some Basic Blocks In DSP For Implementation Of DSP Based Motion Control