VLSI Design & Technology — 5th Semester Syllabus

Unit 1.0: Overview of DSP

• Basic Elements of DSP system
• Advantages of DSP over Analog
• Classification of signals
• Concept of frequency in continuous time and discrete time
• Continuous time and Discrete time sinusoidal signals

Unit 2.0: Discrete time systems

• Linear time invariant
• Response of LTI system convolution sum
• Description of discrete time system by difference equation
• Complete solution of difference equation
• Implementation of discrete time systems
• Correlation of discrete time signals

Unit 3.0: Transform and its applications to the analysis of LTI Systems

• Discrete Time Fourier Transform
• Properties of DTFT

Unit 4.0: Frequency domain representation of LTI Systems

• Sampling and reconstruction of Analog signals

Unit 5.0: Discrete Fourier series, Discrete Fourier transform

• Properties of DFT
• FFT

Unit 6.0: Digital filter structure

• FIR and IIR designs

Unit 1.0: IC Fabrication

• IC classification
• Fundamental of monolithic IC technology
• Epitaxial growth
• Masking and etching
• Diffusion of impurities
• Realization of monolithic ICs and packaging
• Fabrication of diodes, capacitance, resistance and FETs

Unit 2.0: Characteristics of OPAMP

• Ideal OP-AMP characteristics
• DC characteristics
• AC characteristics
• Differential amplifier
• Frequency response of OP-AMP

Unit 3.0: Basic applications of Op-Amp

• Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifiers
• V/I and I/V converters
• Summer
• Differentiator and Integrator

Unit 4.0: Applications of OPAMP

• Instrumentation amplifier
• Log and Antilog Amplifiers
• First and second order active filters
• Comparators
• Multivibrators
• Wave-form generators
• Clippers
• Clampers
• Peak detector
• S/H circuit
• D/A converter (R-2R ladder and weighted resistor types)
• A/D converters using Op-Amps

Unit 5.0: Special ICs

• Functional block, characteristics and application circuits with 555 Timer IC
• 566 voltage controlled oscillator IC
• 565 phase lock loop IC
• Analog multiplier ICs

Unit 6.0: Application ICs

• IC voltage regulators - LM78XX, 79XX Fixed voltage regulators
• LM317, 723 Variable voltage regulators
• Switching regulator- SMPS- LM 380 power amplifier
• ICL 8038 function generator IC

Unit 1.0: Introduction to Microprocessor Systems

• Architecture and Pin diagram of 8085
• Timing Diagram
• Memory organization
• Addressing modes
• Interrupts
• Assembly Language Programming
• 8085 interrupts
• Additional I/O concepts and processes

Unit 2.0: Interfacing of 8085 with 8255, 8254/8253, 8251, 8259

• Introduction
• Generation of I/O Ports
• Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)

Unit 3.0: Intel 8255, Sample-and-Hold Circuit and Multiplexer, Keyboard and Display Interface

• Keyboard and Display Controller (8279)
• Programmable Interval timers (Intel 8253/8254)
• USART (8251)
• PIC (8259)
• DAC, ADC, LCD, Stepper Motor

Unit 4.0: Introduction to 8086, 80286, 80386 and 80486 Microprocessor

• 8086 Architecture
• Generation of physical address
• Pin diagram of 8086
• Minimum Mode and Maximum mode
• Bus cycle
• Memory Organization
• Memory Interfacing
• Addressing Modes
• Assembler Directives

Unit 5.0: Instruction set of 8086

• Assembly Language Programming
• Hardware and Software Interrupts
• Introduction of 80286, 80386, and 80486 microprocessor

Unit 6.0: Overview of Microcontroller 8051

• Introduction to 8051 Microcontroller
• Architecture
• Memory organization
• Special function registers
• Port Operation
• Memory Interfacing
• I/O Interfacing
• Programming 8051 resources
• Interrupts
• Programmer's model of 8051
• Operand types
• Operand addressing
• Data transfer instructions
• Arithmetic instructions
• Logic instructions
• Control transfer instructions
• Timer and Counter Programming
• Interrupt Programming

Unit 1.0: Introduction to RF and HF Circuits

• Overview of RF and HF circuit applications
• Introduction to passive components in high-frequency environments

Unit 2.0: Impedance Matching and Resonant Circuits

• Principles of impedance matching
• Design and analysis of resonant circuits

Unit 3.0: RF Amplifiers and Filters

• Basic configurations of RF amplifiers
• Design and analysis of RF filters

Unit 4.0: RF Power Amplification and Mixing

• Principles and design of RF power amplifiers
• Functioning of mixers in RF systems

Unit 5.0: Oscillators in RF Systems

• Design and analysis of RF oscillators

Unit 6.0: Practical applications of RF and HF circuits in wireless communication

Unit 1.0: System & Architectural Design

• Defining a system specification
• Performance analysis
• Cost analysis
• Identifying various functional blocks/modules
• Categorizing them in terms of digital, analog, RF and mixed signal blocks

Unit 2.0: Functional verification, logic design

• Verifying the functionality of blocks
• Behavioral description
• Logic minimization
• Synthesis
• Verification and testing

Unit 3.0: Circuit Optimization and Physical Design

• Optimization of synthesized blocks for various performance metric

Unit 4.0: Introduction to placement and route

• Layout Vs Schematic (LVS) verification
• Design for Manufacturability

Unit 5.0: Tape Out

• Post layout simulations
• Process Voltage Testing
• Process Design Kit
• Design Rule Check
• GDSII Metalorganic CVD (MOCVD)
• Plasma Enhanced CVD etc.

Unit 6.0: Fabrication and Packaging

• CMOS process flow
• Dicing
• Various types of packaging

Unit 1.0: Control Systems: Basics & Components

• Introduction to basic terms
• Classifications and types of Control Systems
• Block diagrams & Signal flow graphs
• Transfer function
• Determination of transfer function using Block diagram reduction techniques and Mason's Gain formula
• Control system components: Electrical, Mechanical, Electronic, AC/DC Servo Motors, Stepper Motors, Tacho Generators, Synchros, Magnetic Amplifiers, Servo Amplifiers

Unit 2.0: Time-Domain Analysis

• Time domain performance specifications
• Transient response of first and second order systems
• Steady state errors and Static error constants in unity feedback control systems
• Response with P, PI and PID controllers
• Limitations of time domain analysis

Unit 3.0: Frequency Domain Analysis

• Polar and inverse polar plots
• Frequency domain specifications and Performance of LTI systems
• Logarithmic plots (Bode plots)
• Gain and Phase Margins
• Relative stability
• Correlation with time domain performance
• Closed loop frequency responses from Open loop response
• Limitations of frequency domain analysis
• Minimum/Non-minimum phase systems

Unit 4.0: Stability and Compensation Techniques

• Concepts, absolute, Asymptotic, Conditional and Marginal stability
• Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criterion

Unit 5.0: Root locus technique and its application

• Concepts of compensation, series/parallel/series-parallel/feedback compensation
• Lag/Lead/Lag-Lead networks for compensation
• Compensation using P, PI, PID controllers

Unit 6.0: Control System Analysis using State Variable Methods

• State variable representation
• Conversion of state variable models to transfer functions
• Conversion of transfer functions to state variable models
• Solution of state equations
• Concepts of Controllability and Observability Stability of linear systems
• Equivalence between transfer function and state variable representations
• State variable analysis of digital control system
• Digital control design using state feedback

Topics Part 1

• Study of sampling theorem, effect of undersampling
• Study of Quantization of Continuous-Amplitude, Discrete-Time Analog Signals
• Study of Different Types of Companding Techniques
• Study of properties of Linear Time-Invariant System
• Study of convolution Series and Parallel System
• Study of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its inverse
• Study of Transform domain properties and its use
• Study of FIR filter design using window method: Lowpass and highpass filter
• Study of FIR filter design using window method: Bandpass and Bandstop filter
• Study of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter

Topics Part 1

• Write a program using 8085 Microprocessor for Decimal, Hexadecimal addition and subtraction of two Numbers.
• Write a program using 8085 Microprocessor for addition and subtraction of two BCD numbers.
• To perform multiplication and division of two 8 bit numbers using 8085.
• To find the largest and smallest number in an array of data using 8085 instruction set.
• To write a program to arrange an array of data in ascending and descending order.
• To convert given Hexadecimal number into its equivalent ASCII number and vice versa using 8085 instruction set.
• To write a program to initiate 8251 and to check the transmission and reception of character.
• To interface 8253 programmable interval timer to 8085 and verify the operation of 8253 in six different modes.
• To interface DAC with 8085 to demonstrate the generation of square, saw tooth and triangular wave.
• Serial communication between two 8085 through RS-232 C port.

Topics Part 1

• Measurement of parameters of Op-Amp. Voltage Follower, Inverting and Non Inverting Amplifiers, Level Translators using Op-Amp.
• Arithmetic Circuits: Summer, Integrator Differentiator Op-Amp.
• Active filters: LP, HP and BP using Op-Amp.
• Op-Amp Oscillators: Astable, Monostable.
• Triangle and Square wave Generators. Schmitt Trigger using Op-Amp.
• Voltage Controlled Oscillator Using LM 566.
• IC Regulators and current boosting.
• Applications of 555 Timer.

Topics Part 2

• Measurement of propagation delay, fan-out, Noise margin and transfer Characteristics of TTL and CMOS IC gates and open collector / drain gates.
• Designing code converters using logic gates and standard code converters. Parity generator and checker circuit.
• Flip-Flop conversions and latches using gates and ICs.
• Designing Synchronous, Asynchronous up/down counters
• Shift registers and ring counters using IC Flip-Flops & Standards IC counters.
• Full adders, subtractors using logic gates and multiple bits IC Adder/Subtractor and arithmetic Circuits.
• Mux - Demux applications.
• Interfacing counters with 7-segment LED/LCD display units.