Object Oriented Programming using C++

What is the default access specifier for class members in C++?

1. public
2. protected
3. private
4. internal

What will be the output of the following code?

#include <iostream>
class Test {
public:
   Test() { std::cout << "Constructor"; }
   ~Test() { std::cout << "Destructor"; }
};
int main() {
   Test t;
   return 0;
}

1. Constructor
2. ConstructorDestructor
3. Destructor
4. DestructorConstructor

What will be the output of the following code?

#include <iostream>
void display(int x) { std::cout << "Int"; }
void display(double x) { std::cout << "Double"; }
int main() {
   display(5.5f);
}

1. Int
2. Float
3. Double
4. Error

What is the output of the following code snippet?

int arr[] = {1, 2, 3};
int* p = arr;
cout << *(p + 1);

1. 1
2. 3
3. 2
4. Error

What is the output of the following code snippet?

string s = "C++";
s += " Rocks";
cout << s;

1. C++
2. C++ Rocks
3. Rocks
4. Error

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

1. A static member function cannot be declared as virtual function
2. Static and non-static functions with identical signatures cannot coexist in the same class in C++.
3. A static member function cannot access the “this pointer”
4. A non static member function can access only non static data members of a class.

Identify the correct function template syntax.

1. template function<T> void show(T t);
2. function template<T> show(T t);
3. template<class> show(T t);
4. template<typename T> void show(T t);

What will be the output of this code?

#include <iostream>
class Demo {
public:
   void show() { std::cout << "Hello"; }
};
int main() {
   Demo d, *ptr = &d;
   ptr->show();
}

1. Hello
2. Error
3. show
4. None

What happens when a derived class object is assigned to a base class pointer?

class Base { };
class Derived : public Base { };
int main() {
   Derived d;
   Base* b = &d;
}

1. Error
2. Not allowed
3. Requires template
4. Upcasting; allowed

What is the output of this code?

#include <iostream>
class A {
public:
   ~A() { std::cout << "Destructor "; }
};
int main() {
   try {
      A a;
      throw 1;
   } catch (...) {
      std::cout << "Caught";
   }
}

1. Caught Destructor
2. Destructor Caught
3. Caught
4. Error

Explain the features of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). How does OOP differ from the procedural programming paradigm? Also, list the advantages of using OOP in C++.

Differentiate between while, do-while, and for loops in C++. Write a program to print the Fibonacci series using any loop. Hint: Fibonacci series: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21….

Write a C++ program using function overloading to calculate the area of a square, rectangle, and circle using three overloaded area() functions. Demonstrate all three in main() and explain how function overloading works.

Write a C++ program using the string class to input two strings, concatenate them, compare them, and find the length of the resulting string.

Differentiate between a struct and a class in C++. Explain with examples how data hiding and default access specifiers differ between the two.

Write a C++ program to define a class Account with data members like accountNumber, holderName, and balance. Include a default constructor to initialize default values, a parameterized constructor to assign specific values, and a destructor to display a message when the object is destroyed. In the main() function, create objects using both constructors. Also, briefly explain the role of constructors and destructors in C++.

Write a program to overload the + operator to add two complex numbers using a class Complex. Also, discuss the rules and limitations of operator overloading.

What is a function template in C++? Write a template function maximum() that returns the larger of two values. Demonstrate its use with integers, floats, and characters.

What is a virtual base class in C++? Explain its role in resolving the diamond problem with an example involving classes A, B, C, and D, where D inherits from both B and C, and B and C inherit from A.

Explain single and multiple inheritance in C++ with suitable examples. Write a program to demonstrate both types of inheritance. Also, discuss how ambiguity is handled in multiple inheritance.

Write a C++ program to demonstrate the use of an abstract class with a pure virtual function. Explain how this supports runtime polymorphism.

What is a void pointer in C++? Explain its use with an example. Also, demonstrate how a void pointer can be typecast to access different data types.

Write a C++ program to demonstrate a pointer to a class and a pointer to an object. Create a class Student and use a pointer to access its member functions. Explain the concept of dynamic object access using pointers.

Explain how arrays and pointers are related in C++. Write a program to process an array using pointers (e.g., calculate the sum of elements). Discuss pointer arithmetic with arrays.

What is exception handling in C++? Explain the purpose and working of the try, throw, and catch keywords with proper syntax. Also, briefly explain the concept of stack unwinding in the context of exceptions.

Write a program to handle division by zero using exception handling. Also, describe how control is transferred during an exception.