VLSI Design & Technology • 4th SemesterCore / Standard CurriculumChange Track

VLSI Design & Technology — 4th Semester Syllabus

Electronics (VLSI Design & Technology)

Credits Allocation Table (L-T-P Structure)

Course Title	Code	L	T	P	Credits
Analog Circuits	159401	3	0	0	3
Analog Communication	159402	3	0	0	3
Digital Circuits	159403	3	1	0	4
Electromagnetic Theory	159404	3	1	0	4
Semiconductor Physics and Devices	159405	3	0	0	3
NPTEL Courses-1	100408P	0	0	4	2
Analog Circuits Lab	159401P	0	0	2	1
Analog Communication Lab	159402P	0	0	2	1
Digital Circuits Lab	159403P	0	0	2	1
Semiconductor Physics and Devices Lab	159405P	0	0	2	1
TOTAL	-	-	-	-	23

Analog Circuits

159401

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit 1.0: Small Signal Amplifiers

CB, CE, CC Configurations
Hybrid Model For Transistor At Low Frequencies
RC Coupled Amplifiers
Mid Band Model
Gain And Impedance
Comparisons Of Different Configurations
Emitter Follower
Darlington Pair (Derive Voltage Gain, Current Gain, Input And Output Impedance)
Hybrid-Model At High Frequencies (Pi - Model)

Unit 2.0: Multistage Amplifiers-I

Cascade And Cascode Amplifiers
Calculations Of Gain, Impedance And Bandwidth
Design Of Multistage Amplifiers

Unit 3.0: Multistage Amplifiers-II

Feedback Amplifiers: Feedback Concept
Classification Of Feedback Amplifiers
Properties Of Negative Feedback Amplifiers
Impedance Considerations In Different Configurations
Analysis Of Feedback Amplifiers

Unit 4.0: Field Effect Transistor

Introduction
Classification
FET Characteristics
Operating Point
Biasing
FET Small Signal Model
Enhancement And Depletion Type MOSFETs
FET Amplifier Configurations (CD, CG And CS)

Unit 5.0: Oscillators

Barkhausen Criterion
Sinusoidal Oscillators
The RC Phase-Shift Oscillator
Resonant Circuit Oscillators
A General Form Of Oscillator Circuit
The Wien-Bridge Oscillator
Crystal Oscillators
Hartley, Colpitt's And Clapp's Oscillator

Unit 6.0: Power Amplifiers

Power Dissipations In Transistors
Amplifiers Classification (Class-A, Class-B, Class-C, Class-AB)
Efficiency Analysis
Push-Pull And Complementary Push-Pull Amplifiers
Cross Over Distortion And Harmonic Distortion In Push-Pull Amplifier
Tuned Amplifiers (Single, Double And Stagger Tuned Amplifier)

Analog Communication

159402

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit 1.0: Introduction To The Communication System

Block Diagram Of Communication System
Comparative Study Of Analog And Digital Communication

Unit 2.0: Modulation And Demodulation

Modulation (Upward Frequency Translation) And Demodulation (Downward Frequency Translation)
The Need For Modulation
Broad Classification Of Modulation [Linear (Amplitude-AM) And Exponential (Frequency-FM And Phase-PM)]

Unit 3.0: Generation And Demodulation Of DSB And SSB

Generation Of Double Side Band (DSB) With Carrier
Double Side Band With Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC)
Single Side Band With Suppressed Carrier
Demodulation Of Double Side Band With Carrier -Incoherent Detector Or Envelope Detector
Peak Diode Detector
Coherent Or Synchronous Detection Of DSBSC And Single Side Band With Suppressed Carrier

Unit 4.0: Superhetrodyne Receivers

Characteristics
Intermediate Frequency And Its Advantages
Image Rejection Of The Receiver

Unit 5.0: FM Signal Generation And Demodulation

Generation Of FM Signals (Direct And Indirect Methods)
Demodulation

Unit 6.0: Noise And Analog Pulse Modulation

Different Types Of Noise
SNR In AM, FM And PM System
Use Of Emphasis Circuit In FM For SNR Optimization
Analog Pulse Modulation: PAM, PWM, PPM And Demodulation
Comparative Study Of Various Analog Pulse Modulation

Digital Circuits

159403

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit 1.0: Digital Principle

Analog Vs Digital
Number System
Computer Codes
Digital Signals
Waveforms Positive And Negative Logic
Logic Gate: Basic, Universal And Others
Truth Table
Logic Functions
IC Chips
Timing Diagram
Electrical Analogy

Unit 2.0: Boolean Laws And Theorems

Logic Functions
Conversion Of Logic Functions Into Truth Table And Vice Versa
SOP And POS Forms Of Representation
Canonical Form
Minterms And Maxterms
Simplification Of Logic Functions By Theorems And Karnaugh's Map
Don't Care Conditions

Unit 3.0: Analysis And Synthesis Of Combinational Logic Circuits

Comparators
Multiplexers
Encoder
Decoder
7 Segment Display
Half Adder And Full Adder
Subtractors
Serial And Parallel Adders
BCD Adder

Unit 4.0: Sequential Circuit Blocks And Latches

Flip-Flops-Race Around Condition
Master-Slave And Edge Triggered SR, JK, D And T Flip Flop
Shift Registers
Counters-Synchronous And Asynchronous: Design Of Ripple Counter

Unit 5.0: Timing Circuit

Multivibrators
Monostable And Astable Timer: LM555

Unit 6.0: Integrated Circuit Logic Families And Building Blocks

Integrated Circuit Logic Families: RTL, DTL, TTL, CMOS, III./I2L (Integrated Injection Logic And Emitter Coupled Logic)
Use Of Building Blocks: Designing Larger Systems Such As Digital-To-Analog Converters (DAC): Weighted Resistors And R-2R
Analog-To-Digital (ADC) Converter, Counter And Succession

Electromagnetic Theory

159404

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit 1.0: Introduction To Vector Algebra And Electrostatics

Introduction To Vector Algebra
Coordinate Systems And Transformation
Vector Calculus
Electrostatics: Coulomb's Law
Gauss's Law And Its Applications
The Potential Functions
Equipotential Surface
Poisson's And Laplace's Equation
Applications (Solution For Some Simple Cases)
Capacitance
Electrostatic Energy
Conductor Properties And Boundary Conditions Between Dielectrics And Dielectric-Conductor Interface
Uniqueness Theorem

Unit 2.0: Magnetostatics

Biot-Savart Law
Ampere's Circuital Law
Curl
Stoke's Theorem
Magnetic Flux And Magnetic Flux Density
Energy Stored In Magnetic Field
Ampere's Force Law
Magnetic Vector Potential
Analogy Between Electric And Magnetic Field

Unit 3.0: Maxwell's Equations And Electromagnetic Waves

Maxwell's Equations
Equation Of Continuity For Time Varying Field
Inconsistency Of Ampere's Circuital Law
Maxwell's Equations In Differential And Integral Form
Electromagnetic Waves: Solution Of Wave Equation In Free Space
Uniform Plane Wave Propagation
Uniform Plane Waves
The Wave Equation For Conducting Medium
Wave Propagation In Lossless Medium And In Conductive Medium
Conductors And Dielectrics
Polarization

Unit 4.0: Reflections And Refractions

Reflection By A Perfect Conductor With Normal As Well As Oblique Incidence
Reflection And Refraction By Perfect Dielectrics With Normal And Oblique Incidence
Surface Impedance

Unit 5.0: Poynting Vector

Poynting Theorem
Instantaneous, Average And Complex Poynting Vector
Power Loss In A Plane Conductor

Unit 6.0: Transmission Lines

Transmission Line Theory
Low Loss Radio-Frequency And UHF Transmission Line
UHF Line As A Transformer
Voltage Step Up Of The Quarter Wave Transformer
Transmission Line Chart (Smith Chart)

Semiconductor Physics and Devices

159405

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit 1.0: Basics Of Semiconductor Physics

Semiconductor Carrier Modelling- Bonding Model
Energy Band Model
Carriers
Band Gap
Carrier Properties (Effective Mass, Intrinsic Carrier Concentration, Doping)
Density Of States
Fermi Function
Equilibrium Carrier Concentration (Formula For N And P And NP Product)
Charge Neutrality Relationship
Determination Of Fermi Level
Carrier Concentration
Temperature Dependence
Carrier Action - Drift
Mobility
Drift Current
Resistivity
Diffusion Current
Total Current
Relation Between The Diffusion Constants And Mobility (Einstein's Relationship)
Recombination-Generation (Band-To-Band, R-G Centres, Auger, Impact Ionization)
Equation Of State
Continuity Equation
Minority Carrier Diffusion Equation

Unit 2.0: PN Junction Diode

Step Junction
Built-In Potential
Depletion Width
Depletion Approximation
Electrostatic Relationship (Charge Density, Depletion Width, Potential, Electric Field) For Va = 0, Va I 0 And Va I 0
Ideal Diode Equation (Qualitative And Quantitative Derivation: Band Model, Assumptions, Approximation, Boundary Condition)
Deviation From Ideal (R-G Current, Series Resistance, High Level Injection)
Junction Breakdown (Avalanche And Zener)
Reverse Bias Junction Capacitance
Forward Bias Diffusion Capacitance
Qualitative Understanding Of Turn On And Turn-Off Transients
Zener Diode
Tunnel Diode
Varactor Diode
Schottky Diode

Unit 3.0: Physics And Technologies Of BJT

Operational Considerations
Modes And Configurations
Performance Parameters (Emitter Efficiency, Base Transport Factor, Common Base Current Gain, Common Emitter Current Gain And Their Derivation For An Ideal Transistor
Deviation From Ideal (Base Width Modulation Punch Through, Avalanche Breakdown, Geometrical Effects, R-G Current)
Small Signal Modelling

Unit 4.0: Physics And Technologies Of FET

JUNCTION FET (Theory Of Operation, I-V Relationship)
MOS CAPACITOR (Energy Band Diagram, Gate-Voltage Relationship, Capacitance-Voltage Characteristics)
MOSFET (Theory Of Operation, Threshold Voltage, I-V Characteristics)
NON IDEAL MOS (M-S Work Function Difference, Oxide Charges, Threshold Adjustment And Considerations)